Olfactory Deprivation and Enrichment: An Identity of Opposites?
Olfactory Deprivation and Enrichment: An Identity of Opposites?
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DOI：
10.1093/chemse/bjaa071
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Coppola, David M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fitzwater, Emily;Coppola, David M.
分别通过单侧鼻孔阻塞和气味诱导范例研究剥夺和丰富对小鼠嗅电图的影响。 7 天后，剥夺被证明会导致嗅电图振幅增加。我们还表明，即使在长达一年的生存期后，单侧鼻孔阻塞也不会对同侧或对侧嗅上皮的总体解剖外观或嗅电图产生损害，这与我们之前的假设一致。转向诱导，在气味丰富一段时间后，对于任何尝试的气味剂，CD-1 近交系小鼠均未显示出嗅觉反应的增加。然而，与经典研究一致，这一点在 C57BL/6J 近交小鼠中很明显，它们最初对异戊酸不敏感。与剥夺的情况一样，用异戊酸丰富 C57BL/6J 小鼠会导致它们对这种气味的电嗅图反应随着时间的推移而增加。在 C57BL/6J 小鼠的多项实验中，研究了气味特异性、起始时间、恢复时间和诱导效果的大小。综合考虑，目前的研究结果和实验室之前的工作支持了一个反直觉的结论，即对剥夺的补偿可塑性和对气味丰富的诱导反应都是由相同的潜在稳态机制引起的，其目的是无论气味环境如何都保持感觉信息流。讨论了这一假设、支持它的详细证据以及有关人类气味感应的推测。
The effects of deprivation and enrichment on the electroolfactogram of mice were studied through the paradigms of unilateral naris occlusion and odor induction, respectively. Deprivation was shown to cause an increase in electroolfactogram amplitudes after 7 days. We also show that unilateral naris occlusion is not detrimental to the gross anatomical appearance or electroolfactogram of either the ipsilateral or contralateral olfactory epithelium even after year-long survival periods, consistent with our previous assumptions. Turning to induction, the increase in olfactory responses after a period of odor enrichment, could not be shown in CD-1 outbred mice for any odorant tried. However, consistent with classical studies, it was evident in C57BL/6J inbred mice, which are initially insensitive to isovaleric acid. As is the case for deprivation, enriching C57BL/6J mice with isovaleric acid causes an increase in their electroolfactogram response to this odorant over time. In several experiments on C57BL/6J mice, the odorant specificity, onset timing, recovery timing, and magnitude of the induction effect were studied. Considered together, the current findings and previous work from the laboratory support the counterintuitive conclusion that both compensatory plasticity in response to deprivation and induction in response to odor enrichment are caused by the same underlying homeostatic mechanism, the purpose of which is to preserve sensory information flow no matter the odorant milieu. This hypothesis, the detailed evidence supporting it, and speculations concerning human odor induction are discussed.