Survey research methods in evaluation and case-control studies
Survey research methods in evaluation and case-control studies
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DOI：
10.1002/sim.2796
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发表时间：
2007-04-15
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Piesse, Andrea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kalton, Graham;Piesse, Andrea
调查研究方法被广泛用于两类分析研究：衡量干预措施效果的评价研究和调查各种风险因素对疾病存在的影响的以人群为基础的病例对照研究。本文概述了与这类研究相关的一些设计和分析问题，并举例说明。在许多评价研究中，缺乏对治疗组和对照组的随机分配，这使得对混杂因素的控制至关重要。混杂控制可以通过设计中的匹配和分析中的各种替代方法来实现。控制混杂因素的一种流行的分析方法是倾向评分，它与调查权重非常相似。基于总体的对照研究在病例对照研究中已变得普遍。由于成本原因，基于人口的控制通常是通过使用随机数字拨号(RDD)抽样方法的电话调查来确定的。然而，RDD调查目前在答复率方面遇到了严重的问题。最近的一种替代方法是从驾照列表等框架中选择对照，这些框架包含用于匹配的有价值的人口统计学信息。调查抽样文献中发展的分析方法至少在一定程度上适用于评估分析和基于总体的病例对照研究。特别是，使用调查抽样方差估计方法可以考虑复杂样本设计的影响。有几个调查分析软件包可用于进行计算。版权所有(C)2007 John Wiley&Sons，Ltd.
Survey research methods are widely used in two types of analytic studies: evaluation studies that measure the effects of interventions; and population-based case-control studies that investigate the effects of various risk factors on the presence of disease. This paper provides a broad overview of some design and analysis issues related to such studies, illustrated with examples.The lack of random assignment to treatment and control groups in many evaluation studies makes controlling for confounders critically important. Confounder control can be achieved by matching in the design and by various alternative methods in the analysis. One popular analytic method of controlling for confounders is propensity scoring, which bears a close resemblance to survey weighting.The use of population-based controls has become common in case-control studies. For reasons of cost, population-based controls are often identified by telephone surveys using random digit dialling (RDD) sampling methods. However, RDD surveys are now experiencing serious problems with response rates. A recent alternative approach is to select controls from frames such as driver license lists that contain valuable demographic information for use in matching.Methods of analysis developed in the survey sampling literature are applicable, at least to some degree, in the analyses of evaluation and population-based case-control studies. In particular, the effects of complex sample designs can be taken into account using survey sampling variance estimation methods. Several survey analysis software packages are available for carrying out the computations. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.