Effects of fire on the hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology of peatland river systems
Effects of fire on the hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology of peatland river systems
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DOI：
10.1086/683426
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Grayson, Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Lee E.;Holden, Joseph;Grayson, Richard
泥炭地遍布世界各地，覆盖面积约占地球表面的3.4%。在英国，泥炭地覆盖了17.2%或近似1.58 Mha的陆地表面，主要分布在高地地区，覆盖了英国大多数主要河流的源头。然而，尽管政策指导强烈建议不要在深毯泥炭上燃烧，但现在大片地区仍受到规定的植被燃烧。野火偶尔发生，但预计未来会增加频率。本文提供了一个综合的当前知识，英国泥炭地为主的河流流域如何应对规定的植被燃烧和不受控制的野火引起的火灾。我们提供了深入了解火的水文，地球化学和泥炭地河流生态系统的生物区系的影响，以及泥炭地土壤驱动的控制这些影响在集水区尺度。燃烧增加了地下水位的深度和地下水位的变化，尽管一些小规模的研究表明，在一些地方地下水位较浅。需要更多的工作火泥炭地河流流量的影响，但最近的研究结果表明，一个复杂的响应与较小的流量峰值烧毁系统与大多数降雨事件，但增强峰值相比，未烧毁的系统的降雨事件的前五分之一，总降雨量最大。生物地球化学研究的证据表明，火灾导致河流中溶解有机碳浓度增加。河流生物区系的反应主要包括放牧蜉蝣的密度显着减少，但包括摇蚊和Baetis蜉蝣的食草动物之间的增加。我们提供了一个概念的综合，链接的主要响应陆地和水生系统火灾，我们总结了一些主要的研究差距，应优先告知未来的政策泥炭地管理。
Peatlands are found around the world and cover similar to 3.4% of the Earth's surface. In the UK, peatlands cover 17.2% or similar to 1.58 Mha of the land surface and occur mainly in upland areas covering the headwaters of most major British rivers. However, large areas are now subject to prescribed vegetation burning despite policy guidance that recommends a strong presumption against burning on deep blanket peat. Wildfires occur sporadically but are forecast to increase in frequency in the future. This paper provides a synthesis of current knowledge about how UK peatland-dominated river catchments respond to fires caused by prescribed vegetation burning and uncontrolled wildfire. We provide insight into the effects of fire on the hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biota of peatland river ecosystems, and the peatland-soil-driven controls on these effects at the catchment scale. Burning increases the depth to water table and water-table variability, although some small-scale studies indicate shallower water table in some places. More work is needed on fire effects on peatland river flow, but recent results suggest a complex response with smaller flow peaks for burned systems associated with most rainfall events, but enhanced peaks compared to unburned systems for the top quintile of rainfall events with the largest total rain. Evidence from biogeochemical studies suggests that fire leads to increased dissolved organic C concentrations in rivers. River biota responses primarily include significant reductions in the density of grazing mayflies but increases among detritivores including Chironomidae and Baetis mayflies. We provide a conceptual synthesis that links the main responses of terrestrial and aquatic systems to fire, and we summarize some major research gaps that should be prioritized to inform future policy around peatland management.