Antagonistic interactions between above- and belowground biota reduce their negative effects on a tree species
Antagonistic interactions between above- and belowground biota reduce their negative effects on a tree species
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地上和地下生物群之间的拮抗相互作用减少了对树种的负面影响
DOI：
10.1007/s11104-020-04642-w
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Siemann Evan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang Qiang;Biere Arjen;Harvey Jeffrey A.;Ding Jianqing;Siemann Evan
目的植物在自然界中面临着各种有益的和拮抗的地上和地下生物，包括叶食草食动物、土壤真菌和土壤线虫。虽然它们的单独影响通常被很好地研究，但它们对植物表现的联合影响却鲜为人知。这些生物之间的协同或拮抗相互作用将意味着它们对植物表现的联合影响或多或少对植物的个别影响是有害的或有益的。方法我们进行了一个因子温室实验，在该实验中，我们通过添加(象甲)或去除(杀菌剂、杀线虫剂)处理来操纵地上草食动物(象鼻虫)、土壤线虫和土壤真菌的存在，以测试当单独或在种内竞争下种植时，这些生物组单独和组合如何影响黑麦草的生物铁产量。有趣的是，仅土壤线虫会使植物生物量略有减少，但它们减轻了地上象甲的负面影响，表明它们对植物生物量的影响是拮抗的。然而，在土壤真菌存在的情况下，这种拮抗作用不那么明显，说明了地上和地下生物群对植物生物量相互作用的复杂性。地上草食增加了线虫的感染，但只有在没有土壤真菌的情况下。种内竞争使线虫侵染负荷显著增加，T略有下降。地上和地下生物群之间的相互作用的方向或强度。结论我们的研究结果表明，拮抗的地上和地下生物群对植物性能的联合影响可能比从它们各自的影响中预期的要小。这些结果突出了从系统的角度考虑植物地上和地下相互作用的重要性。
AimsPlants in nature are confronted by a variety of beneficial and antagonistic above- and belowground organisms, including leaf herbivores, soil fungi, and soil nematodes. While their individual effects are usually well studied, their joint effects on plant performance are less well known. Synergistic or antagonistic interactions between these organisms would mean that their joint effects on plant performance are more or less detrimental or beneficial than expected from their individual effects.MethodsWe conducted a factorial greenhouse experiment in which we manipulated the presence of aboveground herbivores (weevils), soil nematodes, and soil fungi using addition (weevil) or removal (fungicide, nematicide) treatments to test how these groups of organisms alone and in combination affectTriadica sebiferabiomass production, when grown individually or under intraspecific competition.ResultsSoil fungi and aboveground weevils alone each strongly decreased plant root and total biomass. Interestingly, soil nematodes alone slightly reduced plant biomass but they mitigated the negative impacts of aboveground weevils, indicating antagonism in their effects on plant biomass. However, in the presence of soil fungi this antagonism was less pronounced, illustrating the complexity of interactive effects of aboveground and belowground biota on plant biomass. Aboveground herbivory increased nematode infections, but only in the absence of soil fungi. Intraspecific competition strongly enhanced nematode infection loads and slightly decreasedT. sebiferaroot biomass but did not modulate the direction or the strength of interactions among these aboveground and belowground biota.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that joint effects of antagonistic above- and belowground biota on plant performance can be less detrimental than expected from their individual effects. These results highlight the importance of considering the roles of plant aboveground and belowground interactions from a systems perspective.