Sponge communities of the Antarctic Peninsula: influence of environmental variables on species composition and richness
Sponge communities of the Antarctic Peninsula: influence of environmental variables on species composition and richness
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DOI：
10.1007/s00300-015-1875-9
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
D. Kersken;B. Feldmeyer;D. Janussen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Kersken;B. Feldmeyer;D. Janussen
南极大陆架上的海绵群落目前是世界上面积最大的海绵群落之一，所有海绵种类都已知发生在南大洋。这项在南极半岛顶端进行的研究的主要目标是：(1)确定所有采样的海绵；(2)调查南极半岛地区南大洋海绵群落的物种组成和物种丰富度是否受到环境变量的显著影响。所研究的材料来自25个AGT渔获物，是在RV Polarstein的ANT-XXIX/3考察期间采集的。样本是在南极半岛附近的三个大范围区域采集的：布兰斯菲尔德海峡、德雷克海峡和韦德尔海。从底层水样(海冰覆盖除外)测量了以下六个环境变量：深度(M)、透光率(%)、氧气(微摩尔/公斤)、盐度、海冰覆盖(%)和温度(°C)。对263个海绵样品进行了分析，鉴定出海绵纲各纲33属81种(钙区纲、蠕形纲、六角形目和同丝藻亚纲)。每个采样站的海绵种类总数从1种到29种不等。通过去势对应分析和反向逐步模型选择来检验环境变量对物种组成和丰富度是否有显著影响。分析表明，所测量的环境变量对物种组成没有显著影响，但物种丰富度受到(1)温度和(2)温度和深度的组合的显着影响。这项研究的结果对于在南极半岛持续气候变化的情况下制定、执行和评估未来的保护战略至关重要。
Sponge communities on the Antarctic continental shelf currently represent one of the most extensive sponge grounds in the world, and all sponge classes are known to occur in the Southern Ocean. Main objectives of this study conducted at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula were (1) to identify all sampled sponges and (2) to investigate whether the species composition and species richness of Southern Ocean sponge communities in the area of the Antarctic Peninsula are significantly influenced by environmental variables. The studied material originated from 25 AGT catches and was sampled during the expedition ANT-XXIX/3 of RVPolarstern. Samples were collected in three large-scale areas in the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula: Bransfield Strait, Drake Passage and Weddell Sea. The following six environmental variables were measured from bottom water samples (except for sea-ice cover): depth (m), light transmission (%), oxygen (µmol/kg), salinity, sea-ice cover (%) and temperature (°C). Two hundred and sixty-three sponge samples were analyzed, and 81 species of 33 genera from all Porifera classes (Calcarea, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida and Homoscleromorpha) were identified. Total numbers of sponge species per sample station ranged from 1 to 29. A detrended correspondence analysis and a backward-stepwise model selection were performed to check whether species composition and richness were significantly influenced by environmental variables. The analyses revealed that none of the measured environmental variables significantly influenced species composition but that species richness was significantly influenced by (1) temperature and (2) the combination of temperature and depth. Results of this study are of crucial importance for development, performance and assessment of future protection strategies in case of ongoing climatic changes at the Antarctic Peninsula.