The Role of Target-Distractor Relationships in Guiding Attention and the Eyes in Visual Search
The Role of Target-Distractor Relationships in Guiding Attention and the Eyes in Visual Search
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DOI：
10.1037/a0018808
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Becker, Stefanie I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Becker, Stefanie I.
当前的视觉搜索模型假设视觉注意力可以通过将注意力调整到特定的特征值（例如，特定的大小，颜色）或通过抑制无关的非目标的特征来引导。目前的研究表明，注意力和眼球运动也可以通过目标与不相关的干扰物（例如，更大、更红、更暗）之间的关系规范来指导。目标的关系属性引导控制着试验间启动效应和无关干扰物捕获。首先，试验间转换成本仅在目标和非目标之间的粗略关系发生逆转时才会发生，而当目标和非目标特征发生变化而使关系保持不变时则不会发生。其次，当不相关的干扰物在正确的方向上与所有其他物体不同时，尽管它们与目标不太相似，但它们被捕获的程度最高。这表明，之前被认为是基于特征的选择的主要证据的启动和偶然捕获，实际上是由于关系选择机制。在这里，我提出了一种新的指导的关系向量帐户，它有望综合以前归因于不同视觉搜索机制的各种不同发现。
Current models of visual search assume that visual attention can be guided by tuning attention toward specific feature values (e.g., particular size, color) or by inhibiting the features of the irrelevant nontargets. The present study demonstrates that attention and eye movements can also be guided by a relational specification of how the target differs from the irrelevant distractors (e.g., larger, redder, darker). Guidance by the relational properties of the target governed intertrial priming effects and capture by irrelevant distractors. First, intertrial switch costs occurred only upon reversals of the coarse relationship between target and nontargets, but they did not occur when the target and nontarget features changed such that the relation remained the same. Second, irrelevant distractors captured most strongly when they differed in the correct direction from all other items despite the fact that they were less similar to the target. This suggests that priming and contingent capture, which have previously been regarded as prime evidence for feature-based selection, are really due to a relational selection mechanism. Here 1 propose a new relational vector account of guidance, which holds promise to synthesize a wide range of different findings that have previously been attributed to different mechanisms of visual search.