Is Racism a Fundamental Cause of Inequalities in Health?
Is Racism a Fundamental Cause of Inequalities in Health?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112305
复制
发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Link, Bruce G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Phelan, Jo C.;Link, Bruce G.
我们以前提出，社会经济地位（SES）是健康不平等的根本原因，因此，尽管疾病，风险和干预措施发生了根本性的变化，但SES在健康方面的不平等会随着时间的推移而持续存在。像社会经济地位一样，美国的种族与健康和死亡率有着持久的联系。我们的目标是评估这种联系是否持续，因为系统性种族主义是健康不平等的根本原因，并在这样做的过程中，审查有关健康结果，健康风险和健康促进资源（如金钱，知识，权力，声望，自由和有益的社会联系）的种族差异的广泛的经验数据。我们的结论是，种族不平等的健康持久，主要是因为种族主义是一个根本原因的种族差异，在社会经济地位和社会经济地位是一个根本原因的健康不平等。然而，除了这些强有力的联系之外，有证据表明，种族主义，主要是通过权力，声望，自由，邻里环境和医疗保健的不平等，也与社会经济地位无关的健康有着根本的联系。
We previously proposed that socioeconomic status (SES) is a fundamental cause of health inequalities and, as such, that SES inequalities in health persist over time despite radical changes in the diseases, risks, and interventions that happen to produce them at any given time. Like SES, race in the United States has an enduring connection to health and mortality. Our goals here are to evaluate whether this connection endures because systemic racism is a fundamental cause of health inequalities and, in doing so, to review a wide range of empirical data regarding racial differences in health outcomes, health risks, and health-enhancing resources such as money, knowledge, power, prestige, freedom, and beneficial social connections. We conclude that racial inequalities in health endure primarily because racism is a fundamental cause of racial differences in SES and because SES is a fundamental cause of health inequalities. In addition to these powerful connections, however, there is evidence that racism, largely via inequalities in power, prestige, freedom, neighborhood context, and health care, also has a fundamental association with health independent of SES.