Superficial anatomy of the neonatal cerebrum - an ultrasonographic roadmap.
Superficial anatomy of the neonatal cerebrum - an ultrasonographic roadmap.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00247-020-04794-y
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Hwang M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gonçalves FG;Hwang M
神经超声检查是评估新生儿大脑的一种重要成像方式，特别是作为一种评估颅内出血、脑积水和脑室周围白质软化的筛查工具。神经超声检查的主要优势包括便携性、易获取性以及无电离辐射。其主要局限性在于对操作者的内在依赖性以及需要前囟未闭。神经超声成像通常是将扇形探头置于前囟上，然后进行矢状面和冠状面扫查来获取图像。由于采用了现代成像设备、使用了专用头部探头以及应用了先进的超声诊断技术，神经超声检查的敏感性已显著提高。这些进展有助于更详细地识别特定的大脑解剖细节，提高了常规超声对大脑解剖结构的理解。这种知识对于提高诊断敏感性至关重要，也是理解病理状态的关键。此外，熟悉正常解剖结构对于理解病理状态也至关重要。我们在这篇综述中的主要目标是用一份大脑图谱为这些技术进展提供补充。我们通过提出一种系统的方法来实现这一目标，即使用常规超声持续识别最重要的大脑标志性结构，回顾它们与相邻结构的关系，并简要描述它们的主要功能。
Neurosonography is an essential imaging modality for assessing the neonatal brain, particularly as a screening tool to evaluate intracranial hemorrhage, hydrocephalus and periventricular leukomalacia. The primary advantages of neurosonography include portability, accessibility and lack of ionizing radiation. Its main limitations are intrinsic operator dependence and the need for an open fontanelle. Neurosonographic imaging acquisition is typically performed by placing a sector transducer over the anterior fontanelle and following sagittal and coronal sweeps. The sensitivity of neurosonography has markedly improved thanks to the adoption of modern imaging equipment, the use of dedicated head probes, and the employment of advanced diagnostic US techniques. These developments have facilitated more descriptive identification of specific cerebral anatomical details, improving understanding of the cerebral anatomy by conventional US. Such knowledge is fundamental for enhanced diagnostic sensitivity and is a key to understanding pathological states. Furthermore, familiarity with normal anatomy is crucial for understanding pathological states. Our primary goal in this review was to supplement these technological developments with a roadmap to the cerebral landscape. We accomplish this by presenting a systematic approach to using routine US for consistent identification of the most crucial cerebral landmarks, reviewing their relationship with adjacent structures, and briefly describing their primary function.
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