Essential fatty acids in infant nutrition: lessons and limitations from animal studies in relation to studies on infant fatty acid requirements
Essential fatty acids in infant nutrition: lessons and limitations from animal studies in relation to studies on infant fatty acid requirements
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/71.1.238s
复制
发表时间：
2000-01-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Innis, SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Innis, SM
动物研究在推进n-6和n-3脂肪酸的代谢和作用以及特定膳食摄入对膜组成和相关功能的影响方面具有至关重要的意义。动物研究的优势包括严格控制脂肪酸和其他营养素摄入量以及缺乏或过量的程度、时间和持续时间，没有混淆的环境和临床变量，以及无法在人体研究中进行的组织分析和测试程序。然而，在将结果外推到人类之前，必须考虑物种之间在营养需求和代谢方面的差异以及饮食治疗的严重程度和持续时间。在啮齿类动物和非人灵长类动物中进行的研究表明，α-亚麻酸（IG：3 n-3）严重缺乏的饮食会改变视觉功能和行为问题，并通过识别可能对饮食n-3脂肪酸摄入敏感的神经系统发挥重要作用;这些信息有助于研究人员规划临床研究。然而，尽管动物研究主要集中在18：3 n-3缺乏，但对二十二碳六烯酸（22：6 n-3）和花生四烯酸（20：4 n-6）补充剂有相当大的临床兴趣。来自动物研究的信息表明，大脑和视网膜中22：6 n-3的浓度在18：3 n-3摄入量约为0.7%的能量时达到稳定水平，但这一需求受到膳食18：2n-6摄入量的影响。随着22：6 n-3摄入量的增加，22：6 n-3的血液和组织浓度也会增加，高摄入量对生长和功能有不良影响。动物研究可以提供重要的信息，无论是有益的和不利的影响和脑22：6 n-3摄取的途径的机制。
Animal studies have been of pivotal importance in advancing knowledge of the metabolism and roles of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and the effects of specific dietary intakes on membrane composition and related functions. Advantages of animal studies include the rigid control of fatty acid and other nutrient intakes and the degree, timing, and duration of deficiency or excess, the absence of confounding environmental and clinical variables, and the tissue analysis and testing procedures that cannot be performed in human studies. However differences among species in nutrient requirements and metabolism and the severity and duration of the dietary treatment must be considered before extrapolating results to humans. Studies in rodents and nonhuman primates fed diets severely deficient in alpha-linolenic acid (Ig:3n-3) showed altered visual function and behavioral problems, and played a fundamental role by identifying neural systems that may be sensitive to dietary n-3 fatty acid intakes; this information has assisted researchers in planning clinical studies. However, whereas animal studies have focused mainly on 18:3n-3 deficiency, there is considerable clinical interest in docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) supplementation. Information from animal studies suggests that brain and retinal concentrations of 22:6n-3 plateau with 18:3n-3 intakes of approximate to 0.7% of energy, but this requirement is influenced by dietary 18:2n-6 intake. Blood and tissue concentrations of 22:6n-3 increase as 22:6n-3 intake increases, with adverse effects on growth and function at high intakes. Animal studies can provide important information on the mechanisms of both beneficial and adverse effects and the pathways of brain 22:6n-3 uptake.