History of human disturbance to vegetation in the Southeast Hills of China over the last 2900 years: Evidence from a high resolution pollen record
History of human disturbance to vegetation in the Southeast Hills of China over the last 2900 years: Evidence from a high resolution pollen record
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近2900年来中国东南山区植被的人类干扰史：来自高分辨率花粉记录的证据
DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111028
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Xiaojian Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chunzhu Chen;Wenwei Zhao;Yuxin Xia;Qinrang Gu;Wenwen Yi;Yiheng Zhang;Duo Wu;Jianbao Liu;Xiaojian Zhang
长江下游地区有着悠久的人类活动和水稻种植历史，但我们对江南山区人类活动的了解仍然有限。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个高分辨率的植被记录，跨越过去2900年的中国东南山区通过分析烧失量，花粉，木炭，和非花粉，palynomorphs从湖泊沉积物的核心。将我们的数据与历史记录相结合，结果表明，从公元前890年花粉记录开始到公元850年，研究区域被以万年青青冈属/栎属为主的茂密阔叶林所覆盖。在这一早期时期，山区的殖民地受到崎岖地形、封闭森林和缺乏适合耕种的土地的限制。在公元850年至1180年之间，万年青树木的数量略有减少，谷物和草本植物蒿的数量略有增加，火灾事件更加频繁，这表明与人口增加有关的小规模农业实践的发展。这种变化可能反映了中国经济中心向长江下游的转移，这发生在唐朝（公元618-907年）以及北方战争难民的涌入，特别是在宋朝（公元960-1279年）。从公元1180年开始，万年青阔叶树的急剧减少和火灾频率的峰值与谷物种植的突然扩张导致的森林砍伐浪潮密切相关。这些变化伴随着先锋次生植物的显着蔓延，如松，蒿，和Dicranopteris-type蕨类植物，这是该地区人类引起的森林砍伐的典型指标。很可能人口激增蔓延到山区，出现了涉及梯田的密集农业活动。此外，同时代的采矿、冶炼和陶瓷生产扩大了森林砍伐的规模。本研究为中国东南亚热带山地腹地的景观管理和生物多样性保护提供了有价值的信息。
The lower reaches of the Yangtze River have a long history of human occupation and rice cultivation, but our understanding of human activities in the mountainous region south of the lower Yangtze is still limited. In this study, we present a high-resolution vegetation record spanning the past 2900 years from the Southeast Hills of China by analyzing loss-on-ignition, pollen, charcoal, and non-pollen-palynomorphs from a lake sediment core. Combining our data with historical records, results suggest the study region was covered by dense broadleaved forests dominated by evergreen Cyclobalanopsis/Quercus from the start of the pollen record at 890 BCE until 850 CE. During this early period, colonization of the mountainous region was limited by rugged relief, closed forests, and lack of suitable land for farming. Later between 850 CE and 1180 CE, a slight decrease of evergreen trees, small rises in cereals and the ruderal herb Artemisia, and more frequent fire events point to the development of small-scale agricultural practices related to increased population. This change may reflect the shift of the eco- nomic center of China towards the lower Yangtze reaches, which happened during the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) and the influx of war refugees from the north especially during the Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE). From 1180 CE, a sharp decline of evergreen broadleaved trees and a peak in fire frequency was closely linked to a wave of deforestation resulting from the abrupt expansion of cereal cultivation. These changes were accompanied by the remarkable spread of pioneer secondary plants such as Pinus, Artemisia, and Dicranopteris-type ferns, which are typical indicators of human-induced deforestation in the region. It is probable that the population boom spread to the mountains and intensive agricultural activities took place involving terraced fields. Additionally, the coeval mining, smelting, and porcelain production in the mountains enlarged the scale of deforestation. Our study provides valuable information for landscape management and biodiversity conservation in the moun- tainous hinterland of subtropical southeast China.