Mechanisms of DNA damage, repair, and mutagenesis.
Mechanisms of DNA damage, repair, and mutagenesis.
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DOI：
10.1002/em.22087
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Walker GC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chatterjee N;Walker GC
生物体不断暴露于无数的DNA损伤剂，可以影响健康和调节疾病状态。然而，强大的DNA修复和损伤旁路机制通过去除或耐受损伤来忠实地保护DNA，以确保整体存活。已知这种微调的偏差会破坏细胞代谢稳态，如在DNA修复途径的破坏或失调导致基因组不稳定的各种癌症中所例示的。由于常规使用的生物、物理和化学制剂影响人类健康，因此测试其遗传毒性并管制其使用变得十分重要。在这篇介绍性综述中，我们将描述DNA损伤的机制和抵消修复/耐受途径，以深入了解细胞遗传毒性的分子基础，为本期后续文章奠定基础。
Living organisms are continuously exposed to a myriad of DNA damaging agents that can impact health and modulate disease-states. However, robust DNA repair and damage-bypass mechanisms faithfully protect the DNA by either removing or tolerating the damage to ensure an overall survival. Deviations in this fine-tuning are known to destabilize cellular metabolic homeostasis, as exemplified in diverse cancers where disruption or deregulation of DNA repair pathways results in genome instability. Because routinely used biological, physical and chemical agents impact human health, testing their genotoxicity and regulating their use have become important. In this introductory review, we will delineate mechanisms of DNA damage and the counteracting repair/tolerance pathways to provide insights into the molecular basis of genotoxicity in cells that lays the foundation for subsequent articles in this issue.