Reconstructing the Past: Personal Memory Technologies Are Not Just Personal and Not Just for Memory
Reconstructing the Past: Personal Memory Technologies Are Not Just Personal and Not Just for Memory
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DOI：
10.1080/07370024.2012.656062
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Black, Sandra E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crete-Nishihata, Masashi;Baecker, Ronald M.;Black, Sandra E.
研究表明，个人记忆技术是满足记忆障碍老年人需求的一种有前途的方法。在本文中，我们回顾了最近完成的三项研究，这些研究评估了针对阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 或轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 患者的个人记忆技术。在第一项研究中，我们与 12 名患有 AD 或 MCI 的参与者及其家人合作，制作了基于 DVD 的多媒体传记，描述了参与者过去的重要事件、人物和地点。然后，我们评估了 6 个月期间观看传记对参与者及其家人的心理社会影响。这些影响包括激发对过去事件的回忆，引发主要是幸福的积极情绪和偶尔的悲伤时刻，以及与家人进行对话。在我们的第二项研究中，我们设计了一种家用环境显示器，让患有 AD 的男性能够结合由名为 SenseCam 的生活记录设备自动捕获的最近照片，以类似的方式回顾他的过去的生活。心理测试和半结构化访谈揭示了干预措施如何改善参与者的自我意识并降低冷漠感。在我们对 5 名认知障碍参与者的最终研究中，我们通过 3 种方式比较了 SenseCam 捕获的近期经历的表现：使用原始图像流、使用由家庭成员叙述的选定数量的 SenseCam 图像组成的幻灯片放映以及不查看任何图像的对照。结果包括，有证据表明，5 名参与者中有 4 名通过查看 SenseCam 图像改善了对图像中描绘的个人事件的情景回忆。根据这项研究的经验教训，我们建议个人记忆技术不应仅仅被构建为增强个人用户准确回忆个人事件能力的系统，而应该支持诸如家庭成员之类的群体讲述他们的生活故事。这种观念带来的好处超出了记忆的支持，例如培养自我意识和加强与家庭成员的人际关系。我们通过提出设计注意事项来结束本文，以帮助指导和指导未来“个人记忆”技术的开发和评估。
Research has shown that personal memory technologies are a promising way to address the needs of older adults with memory impairments. In this article, we review three recently completed studies that evaluated technologies for personal memories intended for persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In the first study, we worked with 12 participants with AD or MCI and their families to construct DVD-based Multimedia Biographies that depicted prominent events, people, and places from the participant's past. We then evaluated over a period of 6 months psychosocial effects that viewing the biographies had on the participants and their family members. These effects included stimulating reminiscence of past events, triggering predominantly positive emotions of happiness and occasional moments of sadness, and engaging conversations with family members. In our second study, we designed a home-based ambient display that allowed a man with AD to similarly review his past life, in combination with recent photos automatically captured by a lifelogging device called SenseCam. Psychometric tests and semistructured interviews revealed how the intervention appeared to improve the participant's sense of self and lower apathy. In our final study of 5 cognitively impaired participants we compared representations of recent experiences captured with SenseCam in 3 ways: with the raw image stream, with a slide show consisting of a selected number of SenseCam images narrated by a family member, and with a control reviewing no images. Results included evidence that reviewing SenseCam images improved episodic recall for personal events depicted in the images for 4 of the 5 participants.Based on lessons learned from this research, we suggest that personal memory technologies should not just be framed as systems for augmenting an individual user's capacity for accurate recall of personal events, but instead should support groups of people such as members of a family in telling their life stories. This conception yields benefits beyond the support of memory, such as fostering a sense of self and strengthening interpersonal relationships with family members. We conclude the article by presenting design considerations to help guide and inform the development and evaluation of future "personal memory" technologies.