Widespread and persistent populations of a major new marine actinomycete taxon in ocean sediments
Widespread and persistent populations of a major new marine actinomycete taxon in ocean sediments
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.68.10.5005-5011.2002
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发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Fenical, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mincer, TJ;Jensen, PR;Fenical, W
从海洋沉积物中发现了放线菌目的专性海洋细菌的一个主要分类群。这些细菌种群（指定为 MAR 1）持久且广泛分布，跨越至少三个不同的海洋系统。在这项研究中，对 212 种具有 MAR 1 形态的放线菌菌株进行了检查，除了两种以外，所有菌株都显示出生长对海水的必然要求。其中 45 个分离株代表所有观察到的需要海水的形态类型，经过部分测序，发现在位置 207 和 468（大肠杆菌编号）之间共享特征性小亚基 rRNA 特征核苷酸。基于编码 16S rRNA（16S 核糖体 DNA）的基因的几乎完整序列，对七个代表性分离株的系统发育特征产生了小单孢菌科内的单系进化枝，并表明在属水平上具有新颖性。这是专性海洋放线菌广泛存在的第一个证据。这个新群体的培养成员的有机提取物表现出显着的生物活性，表明它们代表了生物技术应用的丰富资源。
A major taxon of obligate marine bacteria within the order Actinomycetales has been discovered from ocean sediments. Populations of these bacteria (designated MAR 1) are persistent and widespread, spanning at least three distinct ocean systems. In this study, 212 actinomycete isolates possessing MAR 1 morphologies were examined and all but two displayed an obligate requirement of seawater for growth. Forty-five of these isolates, representing all observed seawater-requiring morphotypes, were partially sequenced and found to share characteristic small-subunit rRNA signature nucleotides between positions 207 and 468 (Escherichia coli numbering). Phylogenetic characterization of seven representative isolates based on almost complete sequences of genes encoding 16S rRNA (16S ribosomal DNA) yielded a monophyletic clade within the family Micromonosporaceae and suggests novelty at the genus level. This is the first evidence for the existence of widespread populations of obligate marine actinomycetes. Organic extracts from cultured members of this new group exhibit remarkable biological activity, suggesting that they represent a prolific resource for biotechnological applications.