A longitudinal twin study of personality and major depression in women.
A longitudinal twin study of personality and major depression in women.
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DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820230023002
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发表时间：
1993-11
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Kendler;M. Neale;Ronald C. Kessler;A. Heath;L. Eaves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Kendler;M. Neale;Ronald C. Kessler;A. Heath;L. Eaves
目的：阐明女性人格与重度抑郁症之间病因学关系的本质。
设计：一项纵向双胞胎研究设计。双胞胎完成第1次问卷调查，15个月后，接受个人访谈以了解过去一年中重度抑郁症的发病情况，并完成第2次问卷调查。两份问卷都包含评估神经质和外向性的简表。
参与者：从基于人群的弗吉尼亚双胞胎登记处确定的1733对女性双胞胎。
结果：外向性与重度抑郁症的终生患病率或1年患病率无关。神经质与重度抑郁症的终生患病率密切相关，并且在第1次调查时否认有过抑郁发作的人群中，能有力地预测其未来1年的重度抑郁症患病率。然而，在控制第1次调查时的神经质水平后，在第1次和第2次调查之间有过重度抑郁症发作的人群中，第2次调查时的神经质水平有中度升高（“疤痕”效应），在第2次调查时正经历重度抑郁症发作的人群中，神经质水平大幅升高（“状态”效应）。在那些患上重度抑郁症的人群中，神经质水平不能预测发病时间。在最适合的纵向双胞胎模型中，由共同遗传风险因素导致的神经质与重度抑郁症易感性之间观察到的相关性比例估计约为70%，由共同环境风险因素导致的比例约为20%，由重度抑郁症对神经质的直接因果效应（通过“疤痕”和“状态”效应）导致的比例约为10%。重度抑郁症约55%的遗传易感性似乎与神经质共享，而45%是重度抑郁症所特有的。
结论：在女性中，神经质与重度抑郁症易感性之间的关系显著，且主要是导致神经质和重度抑郁症的遗传因素的结果。
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the nature of the etiologic relationship between personality and major depression in women. DESIGN A longitudinal twin design in which twins completed a time 1 questionnaire and, 15 months later, were personally interviewed for the occurrence of major depression during the last year and completed a time 2-questionnaire. Both questionnaires contained short forms assessing neuroticism and extraversion. PARTICIPANTS 1733 twins from female-female pairs ascertained from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry. RESULTS Extraversion was unrelated to lifetime or 1-year prevalence of major depression. Neuroticism was strongly related to lifetime prevalence of major depression and robustly predicted the prospective 1-year prevalence of major depression in those who, at time 1, denied previous depressive episodes. However, controlling for levels of neuroticism at time 1, levels of neuroticism at time 2 were moderately elevated in those who had had an episode of major depression between times 1 and 2 ("scar" effect) and substantially elevated in those experiencing an episode of major depression at time 2 ("state" effect). In those who developed major depression, levels of neuroticism did not predict time to onset. In the best-fit longitudinal twin model, the proportion of the observed correlation between neuroticism and the liability to major depression that is due to shared genetic risk factors was estimated at around 70%, that due to shared environmental risk factors at around 20%, and that due to a direct causal effect of major depression on neuroticism (via both "scar" and "state" effects) at around 10%. Approximately 55% of the genetic liability of major depression appeared to be shared with neuroticism, while 45% was unique to major depression. CONCLUSION In women, the relationship between neuroticism and the liability to major depression is substantial and largely the result of genetic factors that predispose to both neuroticism and major depression.