Effects of predation and nutrient enrichment on the success and microbiome of a foundational coral.
Effects of predation and nutrient enrichment on the success and microbiome of a foundational coral.
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捕食和营养富集对基础珊瑚的成功和微生物组的影响。
DOI：
10.1002/ecy.1709
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
B. Silliman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elizabeth C. Shaver;A. A. Shantz;Ryan McMinds;D. Burkepile;Rebecca L. Vega Thurber;B. Silliman
通过对猎物组织造成损害，消费物种可能会增加猎物宿主的压力并降低整体健康度（即主要影响，例如生长或繁殖），或通过影响猎物与其他物种（例如微生物）的相互作用而造成二次影响。然而，人们对非生物条件如何影响这些生物相互作用的结果知之甚少。在珊瑚礁群落中，营养丰富和捕食都与珊瑚的健康度降低和疾病促进有关，但迄今为止还没有研究测试它们对珊瑚或其相关微生物群落（即微生物组）的综合影响。在这里，我们使用析因实验和高通量 DNA 测序来评估普遍存在的珊瑚捕食者（短珊瑚蜗牛，Coralliophila abbreviata）的放牧和营养富集对鹿角珊瑚、鹿角珊瑚及其微生物组的影响。我们发现捕食，而不是营养，显着减少了珊瑚的生长，增加了死亡率、组织损失和草皮藻类的定植。部分捕食和营养富集都独立地改变了珊瑚微生物组，使得一种细菌属在微生物群落中占据主导地位。营养丰富的珊瑚与类立克次体生物的显着增加有关，这些微生物是目前正在研究的作为该珊瑚物种疾病病原体的几个微生物群之一。然而，我们发现营养丰富对珊瑚健康、疾病或其捕食者没有影响。这项研究表明，在珊瑚移植（即恢复）或干扰（即恢复）后的几个月内，加勒比顶孔珊瑚似乎非常容易受到捕食者造成的负面影响，但尽管微生物群落发生了变化，但不易或尚未受到营养富集的影响。
By inflicting damage to prey tissues, consumer species may increase stress in prey hosts and reduce overall fitness (i.e., primary effects, such as growth or reproduction) or cause secondary effects by affecting prey interactions with other species such as microbes. However, little is known about how abiotic conditions affect the outcomes of these biotic interactions. In coral reef communities, both nutrient enrichment and predation have been linked to reduced fitness and disease facilitation in corals, yet no study to date has tested their combined effects on corals or their associated microbial communities (i.e., microbiomes). Here, we assess the effects of grazing by a prevalent coral predator (the short coral snail, Coralliophila abbreviata) and nutrient enrichment on staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, and its microbiomes using a factorial experiment and high-throughput DNA sequencing. We found that predation, but not nutrients, significantly reduced coral growth and increased mortality, tissue loss, and turf algae colonization. Partial predation and nutrient enrichment both independently altered coral microbiomes such that one bacterial genus came to dominate the microbial community. Nutrient-enriched corals were associated with significant increases in Rickettsia-like organisms, which are currently one of several microbial groups being investigated as a disease agent in this coral species. However, we found no effects of nutrient enrichment on coral health, disease, or their predators. This research suggests that in the several months following coral transplantation (i.e., restoration) or disturbance (i.e., recovery), Caribbean acroporid corals appear to be highly susceptible to negative effects caused by predators, but not or not yet susceptible to nutrient enrichment despite changes to their microbial communities.