Coexistence of two sympatric flagship carnivores in the human-dominated forest landscapes of Northeast Asia
Coexistence of two sympatric flagship carnivores in the human-dominated forest landscapes of Northeast Asia
复制标题
东北亚人类主导的森林景观中两种同域旗舰食肉动物的共存
DOI：
10.1007/s10980-018-0759-0
复制
发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Ge, Jianping
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Zhilin;Wang, Tianming;Ge, Jianping
了解大型食肉动物行会如何在人类占主导地位的景观中生存，是在全球食肉动物减少的情况下制定保护战略的关键。东北虎和东北豹正在中俄边境恢复。然而，知识是有限的两个大型猫科动物之间的竞争性互动在东北亚.ObjectivesTo评估的空间，时间和组合的时空行为机制可能允许虎和豹在人类占主导地位的森林landscape.MethodsBased上的大规模相机诱捕数据集在中国东北地区，我们使用了三种不同的方法来量化时空协会：一种空间方法（两物种占据模型）、一种严格时间方法（活动模式重叠）和一种基于共享摄像机陷阱地点多响应排列程序的时空方法。结果在空间上，豹子对优势虎高度使用的区域没有表现出回避，但它们的日间活动模式与老虎有显着差异。时空重叠分析表明，精细规模的行为回避时，同时发生在相机的位置，这进一步促进同域性。老虎在空间上与人类重叠，但在人类活动更频繁的白天，它们不太活跃。在牛密度高的地区，低发生的老虎和豹子可能反映了没有西卡鹿，一个重要的猎物项目为both species.ConclusionsThis研究提供了第一个经验证据，老虎不限制豹的分布，至少在我们的研究领域在东北亚。我们的研究结果强调了时间隔离，而不是大规模的空间回避，作为促进两个大型食肉动物共存的关键机制。理解这些精细的空间尺度（即，同域食肉动物之间的相互作用可以帮助制定人类主导景观中捕食者公会的管理战略，这是目前的一项重大全球挑战。
ContextUnderstanding how large carnivore guilds survive in human-dominated landscapes is key to inform strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore declines. Amur tigers and leopards are recovering across the China-Russia border. However, knowledge is limited about competitive interactions between two large cats in Northeast Asia.ObjectivesTo assess the spatial, temporal and combined spatiotemporal behavioral mechanisms potentially allow co-occurrence between tigers and leopards in a human-dominated forest landscape.MethodsBased on a large-scale camera-trapping data set in Northeast China, we used three different approaches for quantifying spatiotemporal associations: one spatial method (two-species occupancy model), one strictly temporal method (activity pattern overlap), and one spatiotemporal method based on multi-response permutation procedures at shared camera trap sites.ResultsSpatially, leopards showed no avoidance of the areas highly used by dominant tigers, but their diurnal activity pattern was significantly different from that of tigers. Spatiotemporal overlap analysis showed fine-scale behavioral avoidance when both co-occurred at camera locations, which further facilitates sympatry. Tigers spatially overlapped with humans, but they were less active during the day when human activities were more frequent. In areas with high cattle density, low occurrence of tigers and leopards may reflect the absence of sika deer, an important prey item for both species.ConclusionsThis study provides the first empirical evidence that tigers do not limit leopard distributions, at least in our study area in Northeast Asia. Our results highlighted temporal segregation, not large-scaled spatial avoidance, as a key mechanism promoting coexistence of two large carnivores. Understanding these fine- spatial scale (i.e., camera locations) interactions between sympatric carnivores can help devise management strategies for predator guilds in human-dominated landscapes, currently a major global challenge.