Placental, Matrilineal, and Epigenetic Mechanisms Promoting Environmentally Adaptive Development of the Mammalian Brain.
Placental, Matrilineal, and Epigenetic Mechanisms Promoting Environmentally Adaptive Development of the Mammalian Brain.
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DOI：
10.1155/2016/6827135
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Hristova M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Broad KD;Rocha-Ferreira E;Hristova M
真兽目哺乳动物子宫内发育、胎生和胎盘形成的进化为神经可塑性和发育的调节引入了新的可能性和限制，这些神经可塑性和发育促进了神经功能适应发育中的大脑在未来可能遇到的环境。与胎盘形成相关的一系列进化适应将这一过程的不成比例的控制转移到母系，这是哺乳动物发育中的一个独特时期，因为在同一时间，同一生物体中有三个母系基因组（母体，胎儿和减数分裂后的卵母细胞）相互作用。母体和发育中的胎儿下丘脑和胎盘之间的相互作用可以提供一个模板，通过这个模板，母亲可以将有关未来潜在环境条件的潜在适应性信息传递给发育中的大脑。结合基因组印记，它还提供了一个模板，整合来自母系和父系的表观遗传信息。胎盘也最终控制基因组印记和代际表观遗传信息转移到母系，因为表观遗传标记在发育中的卵母细胞中经历擦除和重编程。这些发展，与扩展的新皮层，提供了一个独特的进化模板，通过母系转移母亲的照顾，资源和文化，可以用来促进大脑发育和婴儿生存。
The evolution of intrauterine development, vivipary, and placentation in eutherian mammals has introduced new possibilities and constraints in the regulation of neural plasticity and development which promote neural function that is adaptive to the environment that a developing brain is likely to encounter in the future. A range of evolutionary adaptations associated with placentation transfers disproportionate control of this process to the matriline, a period unique in mammalian development in that there are three matrilineal genomes interacting in the same organism at the same time (maternal, foetal, and postmeiotic oocytes). The interactions between the maternal and developing foetal hypothalamus and placenta can provide a template by which a mother can transmit potentially adaptive information concerning potential future environmental conditions to the developing brain. In conjunction with genomic imprinting, it also provides a template to integrate epigenetic information from both maternal and paternal lineages. Placentation also hands ultimate control of genomic imprinting and intergenerational epigenetic information transfer to the matriline as epigenetic markers undergo erasure and reprogramming in the developing oocyte. These developments, in conjunction with an expanded neocortex, provide a unique evolutionary template by which matrilineal transfer of maternal care, resources, and culture can be used to promote brain development and infant survival.