Who Squats IPv4 Addresses?
Who Squats IPv4 Addresses?
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DOI：
10.1145/3594255.3594260
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Loqman Salamatian;T. Arnold;Ítalo F. S. Cunha;Jiangcheng Zhu;Yunfan Zhang;Ethan Katz-Bassett;Matt Calder
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文献类型：
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作者：
Loqman Salamatian;T. Arnold;Ítalo F. S. Cunha;Jiangcheng Zhu;Yunfan Zhang;Ethan Katz-Bassett;Matt Calder
为了缓解IPv4地址的枯竭，IPv6提供了扩展的地址空间，而NAT允许单个公网IPv4地址满足多个分配私有IPv4地址空间的设备。尽管NAT极大地延长了IPv4的保质期，但由于网络的规模和/或网络管理实践，一些网络需要比IANA官方分配的更多的私有IPv4空间。其中一些网络诉诸于使用“蹲下空间”（蹲下空间），这是网络运营社区使用的一个术语，指的是分配给组织但从未向互联网公布的大型公共IPv4地址块。虽然占用IP地址是一个公开的秘密，但它会带来道德、法律和技术问题。在这项工作中，我们检查了数十亿条跟踪路由，以确定数千个组织的非法占用。我们来看看他们是如何使用它的，以及当美国国防部突然开始宣布传统上的蹲点空间时发生了什么。除了揭露操作实践的肮脏秘密外，我们的论文还表明，蹲下扭曲了常见的互联网测量方法，我们认为必须重新检查这些方法以解释蹲下空间。
To mitigate IPv4 exhaustion, IPv6 provides expanded address space, and NAT allows a single public IPv4 address to suffice for many devices assigned private IPv4 address space. Even though NAT has greatly extended the shelf-life of IPv4, some networks need more private IPv4 space than what is officially allocated by IANA due to their size and/or network management practices. Some of these networks resort to using squat space, a term the network operations community uses for large public IPv4 address blocks allocated to organizations but historically never announced to the Internet. While squatting of IP addresses is an open secret, it introduces ethical, legal, and technical problems. In this work we examine billions of traceroutes to identify thousands of organizations squatting. We examine how they are using it and what happened when the US Department of Defense suddenly started announcing what had traditionally been squat space. In addition to shining light on a dirty secret of operational practices, our paper shows that squatting distorts common Internet measurement methodologies, which we argue have to be re-examined to account for squat space.