A New Framework for Quantum Oblivious Transfer
A New Framework for Quantum Oblivious Transfer
复制标题
量子不经意传输的新框架
DOI：
10.48550/arxiv.2209.04520
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Nishant Kumar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amit Agarwal;James Bartusek;Dakshita Khurana;Nishant Kumar
我们提出了一个新的模板，我们称之为“固定基础”的框架，从量子信息建立不经意的传输。我们的框架与以前的工作不同（例如，Crepeau和Kilian，FOCS '88）通过固定每个参与者使用的测量基的正确选择，除了一些故意在共轭基中测量的隐藏陷阱量子位。我们在量子随机预言模型（QROM）中实例化此模板，以获得简单的协议，该协议实现了对恶意对手的安全性：1。非交互式随机输入位OT在一个模型中，各方共享EPR对先验。2.没有设置的两轮随机输入位OT，通过表明即使（潜在恶意的）OT接收器设置EPR对，上述协议仍然是安全的。3.从BB84态得到三轮选择输入串OT，无需纠缠或设置。这改进了需要至少五轮的CK88模板的自然变异。沿着的方式，我们开发的技术工具，可能是独立的利益。我们证明了自然函数，如XOR，使无籽随机性提取某些量子源的熵。我们还使用理想化（即提取和模棱两可）位的承诺，我们通过证明安全的QROM中的简单和有效的建设。
We present a new template for building oblivious transfer from quantum information that we call the"fixed basis"framework. Our framework departs from prior work (eg., Crepeau and Kilian, FOCS '88) by fixing the correct choice of measurement basis used by each player, except for some hidden trap qubits that are intentionally measured in a conjugate basis. We instantiate this template in the quantum random oracle model (QROM) to obtain simple protocols that implement, with security against malicious adversaries: 1. Non-interactive random-input bit OT in a model where parties share EPR pairs a priori. 2. Two-round random-input bit OT without setup, obtained by showing that the protocol above remains secure even if the (potentially malicious) OT receiver sets up the EPR pairs. 3. Three-round chosen-input string OT from BB84 states without entanglement or setup. This improves upon natural variations of the CK88 template that require at least five rounds. Along the way, we develop technical tools that may be of independent interest. We prove that natural functions like XOR enable seedless randomness extraction from certain quantum sources of entropy. We also use idealized (i.e. extractable and equivocal) bit commitments, which we obtain by proving security of simple and efficient constructions in the QROM.