Parasitic manipulation or by-product of infection: an experimental approach using trematode-infected snails
Parasitic manipulation or by-product of infection: an experimental approach using trematode-infected snails
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寄生操作或感染副产品：使用吸虫感染蜗牛的实验方法
DOI：
10.1017/s0022149x21000699
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Lively, Curtis M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Namias, Alice;Delph, Lynda F.;Lively, Curtis M.
自然选择应该有利于寄生虫基因型操纵宿主的方式，提高寄生虫的健身。然而，也有可能感染的影响是不适应的。在这里，我们实验研究了感染的蜗牛吸虫系统的表型效应。这些吸虫（Atriophallophorus winterbourni）在蜗牛壳（Potamopyrgus antipodarum）内产生幼虫包囊;因此，内部壳体积决定了产生的寄生虫包囊的总数。在现场感染的蜗牛往往比未感染的蜗牛大，这表明寄生虫操纵主机的增长，以增加可供吸虫繁殖的空间的假设。为了验证这一假设，我们将幼螺暴露于吸虫卵中。然后让蜗牛在800升的室外围隔中生长约一年。我们发现，未感染的男性比未感染的女性小（性二型）。我们还发现，感染并不影响外壳尺寸的男性。然而，感染的女性比未感染的女性更小。因此，感染阻碍了雌性的生长，并且（与假设相反）它导致幼虫包囊的内部体积较小。最后，受感染的雌性在大小和形状上与雄性相似，这表明寄生虫阉割可能会阻止雌性的正常发育。因此，这些结果表明，寄生虫并没有操纵受感染宿主的生长，以增加幼虫包囊的数量，虽然其他适应性的解释是可能的。
Natural selection should favour parasite genotypes that manipulate hosts in ways that enhance parasite fitness. However, it is also possible that the effects of infection are not adaptive. Here we experimentally examined the phenotypic effects of infection in a snail–trematode system. These trematodes (Atriophallophorus winterbourni) produce larval cysts within the snail's shell (Potamopyrgus antipodarum); hence the internal shell volume determines the total number of parasite cysts produced. Infected snails in the field tend to be larger than uninfected snails, suggesting the hypothesis that parasites manipulate host growth so as to increase the space available for trematode reproduction. To test the hypothesis, we exposed juvenile snails to trematode eggs. Snails were then left to grow for about one year in 800-l outdoor mesocosms. We found that uninfected males were smaller than uninfected females (sexual dimorphism). We also found that infection did not affect the shell dimensions of males. However, infected females were smaller than uninfected females. Hence, infection stunts the growth of females, and (contrary to the hypothesis) it results in a smaller internal volume for larval cysts. Finally, infected females resembled males in size and shape, suggesting the possibility that parasitic castration prevents the normal development of females. These results thus indicate that the parasite is not manipulating the growth of infected hosts so as to increase the number of larval cysts, although alternative adaptive explanations are possible.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
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通讯作者：
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