Consumers' estimation of calorie content at fast food restaurants: cross sectional observational study.
Consumers' estimation of calorie content at fast food restaurants: cross sectional observational study.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.f2907
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发表时间：
2013-05-23
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gillman MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Block JP;Condon SK;Kleinman K;Mullen J;Linakis S;Rifas-Shiman S;Gillman MW
目的 研究对成人、青少年和学龄儿童快餐店膳食的卡路里（能量）含量的估计。设计对快餐连锁店重复访问的横断面研究。在美国新英格兰四个城市设置89家快餐店：麦当劳、汉堡王、赛百味、温迪、肯德基、唐恩都乐。参与者 2010 年和 2011 年晚餐时间（晚餐）光顾餐馆的 1877 名成人和 330 名学龄儿童； 2010 年和 2011 年，1178 名青少年放学后或午餐时间光顾餐馆。 主要结果指标 所购膳食的估计卡路里含量。结果在成人、青少年和学龄儿童中，膳食的平均实际卡路里含量分别为 836 卡路里 (SD 465)、756 卡路里 (SD 455) 和 733 卡路里 (SD 359)。一卡路里相当于 4.18 kJ。与实际数字相比，参与者分别低估了175卡路里（95%置信区间145至205）、259卡路里（227至291）和175卡路里（108至242）卡路里含量。在多变量线性回归模型中，随着实际膳食热量含量的增加，热量含量的低估显着增加。据估计，在赛百味就餐的成人和青少年的卡路里含量比在麦当劳用餐的人低 20% 和 25%（相对变化 0.80，95% 置信区间 0.66 至 0.96；0.75、0.57 至 0.99）。结论 在快餐店吃饭的人低估了膳食的卡路里含量，尤其是大餐。通过卡路里菜单标签和其他宣传活动对消费者进行教育可能会减少很大程度上的低估。
Objective To investigate estimation of calorie (energy) content of meals from fast food restaurants in adults, adolescents, and school age children. Design Cross sectional study of repeated visits to fast food restaurant chains. Setting 89 fast food restaurants in four cities in New England, United States: McDonald’s, Burger King, Subway, Wendy’s, KFC, Dunkin’ Donuts. Participants 1877 adults and 330 school age children visiting restaurants at dinnertime (evening meal) in 2010 and 2011; 1178 adolescents visiting restaurants after school or at lunchtime in 2010 and 2011. Main outcome measure Estimated calorie content of purchased meals. Results Among adults, adolescents, and school age children, the mean actual calorie content of meals was 836 calories (SD 465), 756 calories (SD 455), and 733 calories (SD 359), respectively. A calorie is equivalent to 4.18 kJ. Compared with the actual figures, participants underestimated calorie content by means of 175 calories (95% confidence interval 145 to 205), 259 calories (227 to 291), and 175 calories (108 to 242), respectively. In multivariable linear regression models, underestimation of calorie content increased substantially as the actual meal calorie content increased. Adults and adolescents eating at Subway estimated 20% and 25% lower calorie content than McDonald’s diners (relative change 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.66 to 0.96; 0.75, 0.57 to 0.99). Conclusions People eating at fast food restaurants underestimate the calorie content of meals, especially large meals. Education of consumers through calorie menu labeling and other outreach efforts might reduce the large degree of underestimation.