Additive Manufacturing of 3D Aerogels and Porous Scaffolds: A Review
Additive Manufacturing of 3D Aerogels and Porous Scaffolds: A Review
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DOI：
10.1002/adfm.202103410
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
19
通讯作者：
H. Tetik;Ying Wang;Xiao Sun;D. Cao;Nasrullah Shah;Hongli Zhu;Fang Qian;D. Lin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Tetik;Ying Wang;Xiao Sun;D. Cao;Nasrullah Shah;Hongli Zhu;Fang Qian;D. Lin
气凝胶是高度多孔的结构，通过用空气代替凝胶的液体溶剂而不引起固体网络的塌陷来产生。与传统的制造方法不同，增材制造（AM）已被应用于制造3D气凝胶与定制的几何形状特定于其应用，设计的孔形态，多材料结构等，到目前为止，三个主要的AM技术（挤出，喷墨和立体光刻），然后干燥过程已被提出来增材制造3D功能气凝胶。3D打印气凝胶和多孔支架在各种应用中表现出巨大的潜力，包括组织工程、电化学能量储存、受控药物输送、传感和软机器人。本文对气凝胶和多孔支架材料的增材制造过程中的各个步骤进行了详细的讨论，并为气凝胶和多孔支架材料的增材制造提供了一个总体框架。然后，解决不同的印后工艺以实现多孔性（干燥后）;并且提供机械强度、功能性或两者（干燥后热处理或化学处理后）。此外，还强调了由各种材料制成的3D打印气凝胶/多孔支架的应用。该综述的结论是当前的挑战和下一代3D打印气凝胶和多孔支架的前景。
Aerogels are highly porous structures produced by replacing the liquid solvent of a gel with air without causing a collapse in the solid network. Unlike conventional fabrication methods, additive manufacturing (AM) has been applied to fabricate 3D aerogels with customized geometries specific to their applications, designed pore morphologies, multimaterial structures, etc. To date, three major AM technologies (extrusion, inkjet, and stereolithography) followed by a drying process have been proposed to additively manufacture 3D functional aerogels. 3D‐printed aerogels and porous scaffolds showed great promise for a variety of applications, including tissue engineering, electrochemical energy storage, controlled drug delivery, sensing, and soft robotics. In this review, the details of steps included in the AM of aerogels and porous scaffolds are discussed, and a general frame is provided for AM of those. Then, the different postprinting processes are addressed to achieve the porosity (after drying); and mechanical strength, functionality, or both (after postdrying thermal or chemical treatments) are provided. Furthermore, the applications of the 3D‐printed aerogels/porous scaffolds made from a variety of materials are also highlighted. The review is concluded with the current challenges and an outlook for the next generation of 3D‐printed aerogels and porous scaffolds.