Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by anammox bacteria in the Black Sea
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by anammox bacteria in the Black Sea
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DOI：
10.1038/nature01472
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发表时间：
2003-04-10
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Jetten, MSM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuypers, MMM;Sliekers, AO;Jetten, MSM
固定无机氮（硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和铵）的可用性限制了许多海洋地区的初级生产力(1)。异养细菌将硝酸盐转化为N(2)（反硝化作用）被认为是海洋中固定无机氮的唯一重要汇(2)。在这里，我们提供了证据，证明细菌在世界上最大的缺氧盆地黑海中用亚硝酸盐厌氧氧化铵为N(2)。16S核糖体RNA基因序列的系统发育分析表明，这些细菌与在脱氨生物反应器中进行厌氧氨氧化（厌氧氨氧化）过程的plantomycetale成员有关(3)。营养状况、荧光标记的RNA探针、N示踪实验和特定“阶梯烷”膜脂的分布表明，从缺氧深水中向上扩散的铵被缺氧区以下的厌氧氨氧化菌消耗。这是厌氧氨氧化菌首次被鉴定出来，并与环境中固定无机氮的去除直接相关。在海洋缺氧环境中广泛发生的氨消耗（5-7）表明厌氧氨氧化可能在海洋氮循环中起重要作用。
The availability of fixed inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) limits primary productivity in many oceanic regions(1). The conversion of nitrate to N(2) by heterotrophic bacteria (denitrification) is believed to be the only important sink for fixed inorganic nitrogen in the ocean(2). Here we provide evidence for bacteria that anaerobically oxidize ammonium with nitrite to N(2) in the world's largest anoxic basin, the Black Sea. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences shows that these bacteria are related to members of the order Planctomycetales performing the anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process in ammonium-removing bioreactors(3). Nutrient profiles, fluorescently labelled RNA probes, (15)N tracer experiments and the distribution of specific 'ladderane' membrane lipids(4) indicate that ammonium diffusing upwards from the anoxic deep water is consumed by anammox bacteria below the oxic zone. This is the first time that anammox bacteria have been identified and directly linked to the removal of fixed inorganic nitrogen in the environment. The widespread occurrence of ammonium consumption in suboxic marine settings(5-7) indicates that anammox might be important in the oceanic nitrogen cycle.