The Expression of Victory and Loss: Estimating Who's Leading or Trailing from Nonverbal Cues in Sports
The Expression of Victory and Loss: Estimating Who's Leading or Trailing from Nonverbal Cues in Sports
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DOI：
10.1007/s10919-013-0168-7
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Schweizer, Geoffrey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Furley, Philip;Schweizer, Geoffrey
这篇论文的目的是测试人类是否可以根据对运动员非语言行为的感知来判断运动员在运动中是落后还是领先。在实验1中，在各自的运动中没有经验的参与者观看了描述篮球和乒乓球运动员的短视频，并对运动员是落后还是领先进行了评级。结果表明，参与者可以显着区分落后和领先的运动员在团队和个人运动。实验2表明，儿童也能够区分落后和领先运动员的非语言行为的基础上。与成人的结果从实验1的比较表明，成人的评级对应于更高的程度，在游戏过程中的实际分数相比，儿童的。在实验3中，我们复制了实验1的结果与专家和无经验的参与者和一组不同的刺激，从团队手球。专家和非专家参与者都能够区分领先和落后的运动员。我们的研究结果与进化论中对非语言行为的解释相一致，并表明人类显示非语言信号是引导或尾随的结果，这些信号可以被其他人可靠地解释。通过比较不同年龄组的这种效应，我们提供的证据表明，尽管即使是年幼的孩子也可以区分领先运动员和落后运动员，但随着经验的增加和成熟过程，微妙的非语言暗示的解码会继续发展。
The goal of the paper was to test if humans can detect whether athletes are trailing or leading in sports based on the perception of thin slices of athletes' nonverbal behavior. In Experiment 1, participants who were unexperienced in the respective sports watched short videos depicting basketball and table tennis players and rated whether athletes were trailing or leading. Results indicated that participants could significantly differentiate between trailing and leading athletes in both team and individual sports. Experiment 2 showed that children were also able to distinguish between trailing and leading athletes based on nonverbal behavior. Comparison with the adult results from Experiment 1 revealed that the adult ratings corresponded to a higher degree with the actual scores during the game compared to the children's. In Experiment 3, we replicated the findings from Experiment 1 with both expert and unexperienced participants and a different set of stimuli from team handball. Both experts and unexpert participants were able to differentiate between leading and trailing athletes. Our findings are in line with evolutionary accounts of nonverbal behavior and suggest that humans display nonverbal signals as a consequence of leading or trailing which are reliably interpreted by others. By comparing this effect as a function of different age groups we provide evidence that although even young children can differentiate between leading and trailing athletes, the decoding of subtle nonverbal cues continues to develop with increasing experience and maturation processes.