Carotid β-stiffness index is associated with slower processing speed but not working memory or white matter integrity in healthy middle-aged/older adults
Carotid β-stiffness index is associated with slower processing speed but not working memory or white matter integrity in healthy middle-aged/older adults
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DOI：
10.1152/japplphysiol.00769.2016
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Pierce, Gary L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DuBose, Lyndsey E.;Voss, Michelle W.;Pierce, Gary L.
衰老与颈动脉僵硬度增加（中风发生的预测因素）以及人类认知能力和脑白质完整性（WMI）的降低有关。因此，我们假设健康中年/老年人 (MA/O) 中较高的颈动脉硬度/较低的顺应性与较慢的处理速度、较高的工作记忆成本和较低的 WMI 独立相关。与年轻成人 (n = 19; 23.8 +/- 2.9 岁) 相比，MA/O (n = 32; 64.4 +/- 4.3 岁) 的颈动脉 β 硬度 (P < 0.001) 更大，依从性 (P < 0.001) 更低。与年轻人相比，MA/O 成年人的处理速度较慢（27.4 +/- 4.6 vs. 35.4 +/- 5.0 U/60 s，P < 0.001），工作记忆成本较高（-15.4 +/- 0.14 vs. -2.2 +/- 0.05%，P < 0.001）。 MA/O 成人的整体 WMI 较低（P < 0.001），额叶（P = 0.020）和膝部（P = 0.009）的局部 WMI 较低。在整个队列中，包括教育程度、性别和体重指数、颈动脉 β 硬度指数（B = -0.53 +/- 0.15 U，P = 0.001）和年龄组（B = -4.61 +/- 1.7，P = 0.012，调整后的 R-2 = 0.4）在内的多元回归分析预测了处理速度，但没有预测工作记忆成本或 WMI。在 MA/O 成人中，较高的 β 硬度（B = -0.60 +/- 0.18，P = 0.002）和较低的依从性（B = 0.93 +/- 0.26，P = 0.002）与较慢的处理速度相关，但与工作记忆成本或 WMI 无关。这些数据表明，较大的颈动脉僵硬度与 MA/O 成年人较慢的处理速度独立且选择性地相关，但与工作记忆无关。颈动脉硬化可能会比工作记忆更早地调节人类健康衰老过程中处理速度的降低。 此前，研究大弹性动脉僵硬度、认知和大脑结构之间关系的研究主要集中在患有心血管疾病危险因素和其他合并症的老年人的主动脉僵硬度上。这项研究进一步证明，在心血管疾病危险因素负担较低的中年/老年人中，与年龄相关的颈动脉僵硬度（而非主动脉僵硬度）的增加独立且选择性地与较慢的处理速度相关，但与工作记忆无关。
Aging is associated with increased carotid artery stiffness, a predictor of incident stroke, and reduced cognitive performance and brain white matter integrity (WMI) in humans. Therefore, we hypothesized that higher carotid stiffness/lower compliance would be independently associated with slower processing speed, higher working memory cost, and lower WMI in healthy middle-aged/older (MA/O) adults. Carotid beta-stiffness (P < 0.001) was greater and compliance (P < 0.001) was lower in MA/O (n = 32; 64.4 +/- 4.3 yr) vs. young (n = 19; 23.8 +/- 2.9 yr) adults. MA/O adults demonstrated slower processing speed (27.4 +/- 4.6 vs. 35.4 +/- 5.0 U/60 s, P < 0.001) and higher working memory cost (-15.4 +/- 0.14 vs. -2.2 +/- 0.05%, P < 0.001) vs. young adults. Global WMI was lower in MA/O adults (P < 0.001) and regionally in the frontal lobe (P = 0.020) and genu (P = 0.009). In the entire cohort, multiple regression analysis that included education, sex, and body mass index, carotid beta-stiffness index (B = -0.53 +/- 0.15 U, P = 0.001) and age group (B = -4.61 +/- 1.7, P = 0.012, adjusted R-2 = 0.4) predicted processing speed but not working memory cost or WMI. Among MA/O adults, higher beta-stiffness (B = -0.60 +/- 0.18, P = 0.002) and lower compliance (B = 0.93 +/- 0.26, P = 0.002) were associated with slower processing speed but not working memory cost or WMI. These data suggest that greater carotid artery stiffness is independently and selectively associated with slower processing speed but not working memory among MA/O adults. Carotid artery stiffening may modulate reductions in processing speed earlier than working memory with healthy aging in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previously, studies investigating the relation between large elastic artery stiffness, cognition, and brain structure have focused mainly on aortic stiffness in aged individuals with cardiovascular disease risk factors and other comorbidities. This study adds to the field by demonstrating that the age-related increases in carotid artery stiffness, but not aortic stiffness, is independently and selectively associated with slower processing speed but not working memory among middle-aged/older adults with low cardiovascular disease risk factor burden.