Identification of Apocarotenoids as Chemical Markers of In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity for Spirulina Supplements.
Identification of Apocarotenoids as Chemical Markers of In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity for Spirulina Supplements.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03015
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
K. Tan;T. Pham;Yoojin Lee;Ji-Young Lee;Marcy J. Balunas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Tan;T. Pham;Yoojin Lee;Ji-Young Lee;Marcy J. Balunas
食品添加剂和膳食补充剂中化学标记物的识别对于定量评估和标准化其质量和功效至关重要。钝顶节旋藻（Arthrospira platensis），以前称为钝顶螺旋藻（Spirulina platensis），俗称螺旋藻（spirulina），因其具有抗炎、抗高血压、抗氧化和抗动脉粥样硬化等多种生物学作用而被广泛研究。在这项研究中，我们利用了一种方法，包括生物测定指导的分馏，合成，质谱分子网络，主成分分析（PCA）和相关性分析的组合，以确定螺旋藻产品中可测量的化学标记物，可用于评估商业产品在下调促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-1 β（IL-1β）表达水平方面的功效，白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）。因此，我们发现脱辅基类胡萝卜素3-羟基-β-紫罗兰酮（1）和脱辅基-13-玉米黄嘌呤酮（2a/2b）显著抑制IL-1β的表达，（分别为9.5 ± 1.5和28.7 ± 0.6%）和IL-6（分别为10.1 ± 0.7和6.1 ± 0.4%）（p < 0.05）。值得注意的是，这是从螺旋藻中分离这些脱辅基类胡萝卜素及其体外抗炎特性的首次报道。最后，我们建议使用我们的方法作为一种方便的方式来建立其他膳食补充剂中的标记物。
Identification of chemical markers in food additives and dietary supplements is crucial for quantitative assessment and standardization of their quality and efficacy. Arthrospira platensis, formerly Spirulina platensis and known colloquially as spirulina, has been widely investigated for its various biological effects, including anti-inflammation, antihypertension, antioxidant, and antiatherosclerosis. In this study, we utilized an approach involving a combination of bioassay-guided fractionation, synthesis, mass spectral molecular networking, principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation analysis to identify measurable chemical markers in spirulina products that can be used to evaluate the efficacy of commercial products in downregulating the expression level of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Consequently, we found that the apocarotenoids 3-hydroxy-β-ionone (1) and apo-13-zeaxanthinones (2a/2b) significantly repressed expression of IL-1β (9.5 ± 1.5 and 28.7 ± 0.6%, respectively) and IL-6 (10.1 ± 0.7 and 6.1 ± 0.4%, respectively) at 10 μg/mL (p < 0.05) using RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Notably, this is the first report of the isolation of these apocarotenoids from spirulina and their in vitro anti-inflammatory properties. Finally, we propose the use of our approach as a convenient way to establish markers in other dietary supplements.