Total and size-resolved particle number and black carbon concentrations in urban areas near Schiphol airport (the Netherlands)
Total and size-resolved particle number and black carbon concentrations in urban areas near Schiphol airport (the Netherlands)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.015
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Hoek, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keuken, M. P.;Moerman, M.;Hoek, G.
在欧洲第四繁忙的机场荷兰史基浦机场附近调查了黑碳的存在以及尺寸分辨和总颗粒数浓度 (PNC)。 2014 年 3 月至 5 月期间，在距史基浦机场 7 公里的 Adamse Bos 进行了连续测量，并于 2012 年在史基浦机场以南 40 公里的区域背景地点 Cabauw 进行了连续测量。史基浦机场附近未发现黑碳含量显着升高。然而，在风向来自史基浦的时期，PNC 增加：在 06.00 至 23.00 之间，Cabauw 增加了 20%，Adamse Bos 增加了三倍，从 14,100（其他风向）增加到 42,000 # cm(-3)。史基浦相关 PNC 的尺寸分布以超细颗粒为主，范围为 10 至 20 nm。史基浦机场的四个相关颗粒数 (PN) 排放源被确定为导致 Adamse Bos 机场 PNC 水平升高的原因：在 Kaagbaan 和 Aalsmeerbaan 跑道上起飞和爬升、在登机口等待的飞机以及在 Buitenveldertbaan 跑道上降落。机场及其附近道路交通的 PN 排放不如空中交通重要。 2012 年，使用高斯羽流模型估算了阿姆斯特丹和阿姆斯特尔芬史基浦东北部城市地区与史基浦相关的 PNC 的暴露程度。结果显示，建模域中的 555,000 个地址中有相当多的地址受到了升高的 PNC 的影响。例如：45,000 个地址长期暴露于来自史基浦的额外年度背景 PNC 5-10,000 # cm(-3)，60,000 个地址遭受来自史基浦的额外 10-15,000 # cm(-3) 的短期暴露（14% 的时间）。建议对排放源和 PN 扩散进行进一步研究，这可能支持未来对最终健康影响的研究。 (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
The presence of black carbon, and size-resolved and total particle number concentrations (PNC) were investigated in the vicinity of Schiphol airport in the Netherlands, the fourth busiest airport in Europe. Continuous measurements were conducted between March and May 2014 at Adamse Bos, located 7 km from Schiphol, and in 2012 at Cabauw, a regional background site 40 km south of Schiphol. No significantly elevated black carbon levels were found near Schiphol. However, PNC increased during periods in which the wind direction was from Schiphol: at Cabauw by 20% and at Adamse Bos by a factor of three, from 14,100 (other wind directions) to 42,000 # cm(-3) between 06.00 and 23.00. The size distribution of Schiphol-related PNC was dominated by ultrafine particles, ranging from 10 to 20 nm. Four relevant particle number (PN) emission sources at Schiphol were identified as being responsible for the elevated PNC levels at Adamse Bos: take-off and climb-out on the Kaagbaan and Aalsmeerbaan runways, planes waiting at the gates, and landing on the Buitenveldertbaan runway. PN emissions from road traffic at and near the airport were less important than air traffic. The exposure to Schiphol-related PNC in urban areas northeast of Schiphol in Amsterdam and Amstelveen was estimated for 2012 using a Gaussian Plume model. The results showed that a considerable number of the 555,000 addresses in the modelling domain were exposed to elevated PNC. For example: 45,000 addresses suffered long-term exposure to an additional annual background PNC of 5-10,000 # cm(-3) originating from Schiphol and 60,000 addresses suffered short-term exposure (14% of the time) of additional 10-15,000 # cm(-3) originating from Schiphol. Further research on emission sources and the dispersion of PN is recommended and may support future studies on eventual health effects. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.