Cold atoms and molecules by Zeeman deceleration and Rydberg-Stark deceleration
Cold atoms and molecules by Zeeman deceleration and Rydberg-Stark deceleration
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通过塞曼减速和里德伯格-斯塔克减速的冷原子和分子
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Hogan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Hogan
本文介绍了用多级塞曼减速法和里德伯-斯塔克减速法在低于1 K的平动温度下制备具有选定内量子态的原子和分子样品。多级塞曼减速技术利用顺磁性原子或分子与不均匀磁场的相互作用。它适用于基态顺磁样品或那些在长寿命，低躺亚稳态，这是最初在脉冲超声束移动的减速。里德伯-斯塔克减速涉及原子或分子到高主量子数n的选定里德伯态的光激发，其表现出1000 Deybe量级的电偶极矩。利用这些状态下的样品与不均匀电场的相互作用来加速、减速和捕获。本论文所描述的多级塞曼减速技术的发展主要集中在氢原子束和氘原子束的减速上。已经进行了减速器内的粒子动力学的实验研究，并将其与粒子轨迹的数值模拟的结果进行比较，以量化和优化减速过程的效率，并最大限度地减少不期望的粒子损失，例如通过在减速器的102 T磁场的快速切换期间的状态改变。这导致了在多级塞曼减速之后使用氢原子实现的磁捕获的第一次演示，以及通过任何方法磁捕获氘原子的第一次演示。捕获的样品通过光激发到里德伯态，然后脉冲电场电离或直接光电离来检测，并显示出Ekin/kB <$100 mK的平移温度和<$106 cm−3的数密度。使用单级Rydberg-Stark减速器和具有非零电场最小值的三维静电阱，
The preparation of atomic and molecular samples in selected internal quantum states at translational temperatures below 1 K by multistage Zeeman deceleration and Rydberg-Stark deceleration is described. The technique of multistage Zeeman deceleration exploits the interaction of paramagnetic atoms or molecules with inhomogeneous magnetic fields. It is suited to the deceleration of ground-state paramagnetic samples or those in long-lived, low-lying metastable states, which are initially moving in pulsed supersonic beams. Rydberg-Stark deceleration involves the photoexcitation of atoms or molecules to selected Rydberg states of high principal quantum number, n, which exhibit electric dipole moments on the order of 1000 Deybe. The interaction of samples in these states with inhomogeneous electric fields is exploited for acceleration, deceleration and trapping. The development of the technique of multistage Zeeman deceleration, which is described in this thesis, has centred around the deceleration of beams of hydrogen and deuterium atoms. Experimental studies of the particle dynamics within the decelerator have been performed and compared to the results of numerical simulations of particle trajectories, to quantify and optimise the efficiency of the deceleration process, and to minimise undesirable particle loss, for example via state-changing during the rapid switching of the ∼ 2 T magnetic fields of the decelerator. This has led to the first demonstration of magnetic trapping after multistage Zeeman deceleration which was achieved using hydrogen atoms, and the first demonstration of magnetic trapping deuterium atoms by any method. The trapped samples were detected by photoexcitation to Rydberg states followed by pulsed electric-field ionisation or by direct photoionisation, and exhibited translational temperatures of Ekin/kB ∼ 100 mK and number densities of ∼ 106 cm−3. Using a single-stage Rydberg-Stark decelerator and a three-dimensional electrostatic trap with a non-zero electric-field minimum, measurements,
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Bendkowsky, Vera;Butscher, Bjoern;Pfau, Tilman
通讯作者：
Pfau, Tilman
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
S. Willitsch;M. T. Bell;A. Gingell;S. R. Procter;T. Softley
通讯作者：
S. Willitsch;M. T. Bell;A. Gingell;S. R. Procter;T. Softley