Atmospheric HT and HTO
Atmospheric HT and HTO
复制标题
大气 HT 和 HTO
DOI：
10.1111/j.2153-3490.1974.tb01955.x
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发表时间：
1974
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
A. Mason
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. G. Östlund;A. Mason
本文介绍了一种大气HTO和HT的直接现场采样技术。机载、便携式和实验室版本都得到了实施，一个全面的采样计划也开始了。空气首先通过分子筛以吸附水，然后通过分子筛上携带的钯，其氧化大气中的氢并原位吸附所产生的水。随后从吸附器中提取两种样品，并通过内部低水平气体计数测量氚含量。分辨率是目前大气水平的4%。在北方半球的三个站的HT和HTO的监测表明，HT不经历像HTO的季节性波动，和变化是小的，目前的平均值约46 HT分子每毫克空气。对流层HT-存量在经历了前几年的上升之后，在过去几年中已经达到了一个稳定状态。1971年和1972年从40°N到65°S的取样断面显示，北方和南半球的HT水平相似，表明HT（和氢）的停留时间较长。HT的来源似乎在地面，最有可能来自核燃料元件加工、地下核聚变装置爆炸以及军用和民用氚气处理。在对流层中，现在有更多的氚气体（HT或T2）比HTO（水蒸气）。
A technique was developed for direct field sampling of atmospheric HTO and HT. Airborne, portable, and laboratory versions were implemented, and a comprehensive sampling program begun. The air is passed first through Molecular Sieve to adsorb the water, then over palladium carried on Molecular Sieve, which oxidizes atmospheric hydrogen and adsorbs the resulting water in situ. Both samples are subsequently extracted from the adsorbers, and the tritium content measured by internal low-level gas counting. Resolution is 4% of present atmospheric levels. Monitoring of HT and HTO at three stations in the Northern Hemisphere shows that HT does not undergo seasonal fluctuations like HTO, and variations are small around the present mean of about 46 HT molecules per mg air. After the previous rise from pre-nuclear level, the tropospheric HT-inventory has reached a steady state within the past few years. Sampling transects from 40°N to 65°S in 1971 and 1972 show similar HT levels in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres indicating a long residence time of HT (and hydrogen). The HT appears to have its source at ground level, most likely from nuclear fuel element processing, underground nuclear fusion device detonations, and military and civilian handling of tritium gas. In the troposphere, there is now more tritium as gas (HT or T2) than as HTO (water vapor).