Hall devices: Improve contactless sensing technology
Hall devices: Improve contactless sensing technology
复制标题
霍尔器件：改进非接触式传感技术
DOI：
10.1038/548031e
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Kriisa, Annika
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mani, Ramesh G.;Kriisa, Annika
美国国家科学院在过去28年中发布了5份关于研究不端行为和有害研究实践的报告。每个人都提出了一套惊人相似的建议。举例来说，在一九八九年，我们获告知“有需要进行更多研究，以澄清影响专业操守的基本因素”。2002年的专家组发现，“现有数据不足以使[委员会]就研究环境的哪些要素促进诚信得出明确的结论”。2017年，该小组报告呼吁政府机构和私人基金会“资助研究，以量化和制定与研究不端行为有关的条件”。然而，我们认为，根本原因和可能的补救办法是显而易见的。对良好研究实践的无知现在通过强制性培训来解决。认真的指导可以减少粗心。对失败的恐惧需要改变学术界的奖励制度。防止偏见需要研究人员提高自我意识和良心的提升。作弊者需要害怕被发现：他们必须面临有意义的惩罚，而举报者仍然受到保护。那么，当潜在有效的补救措施可用但尚未实施时，为什么该学院一再呼吁进一步研究？
The US National Academy of Sciences has issued 5 reports in the past 28 years on research misconduct and detrimental research practices. Each concluded with a strikingly similar set of recommendations. In 1989, for example, we were advised of “a need for additional research to clarify the basic factors that influence professional conduct”. The panel of 2002 found that “existing data are insufficient to enable [the committee] to draw definitive conclusions as to which elements of the research environment promote integrity”. And in 2017, the panel report called for government agencies and private foundations to “fund research to quantify, and develop responses to, conditions… linked to research misconduct”. In our view, however, the root causes and potential remedies are evident. Ignorance of good research practices is now addressed by mandatory training. Carelessness can be reduced by conscientious mentoring. Fear of failure requires a shift in academia’s reward system. Preventing bias requires researchers to have heightened self-awareness and a boost in conscience. And cheaters need to fear detection: they must face meaningful penalties while whistle-blowers remain protected. Why, then, does the academy repeatedly call for further research when potentially effective remedies are available and yet to be implemented?