40 years of cognitive architectures: core cognitive abilities and practical applications
40 years of cognitive architectures: core cognitive abilities and practical applications
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DOI：
10.1007/s10462-018-9646-y
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
12
通讯作者：
Tsotsos, John K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kotseruba, Iuliia;Tsotsos, John K.
在本文中，我们对过去40年的认知架构研究进行了概述。到目前为止，现有体系结构的数量已经达到了几百个，但是大多数现有的调查并没有反映这种增长，而是集中在少数已经建立的体系结构上。在这个调查中，我们的目标是对认知架构的研究提供一个更具包容性和高层次的概述。我们最后的84个架构中有49个仍在积极开发中，它们借鉴了从精神分析到神经科学等不同领域的学科。为了使本文的篇幅保持在合理的范围内，我们只讨论核心的认知能力，如感知、注意机制、行动选择、记忆、学习、推理和元推理。为了评估认知体系结构实际应用的广度，我们提供了使用我们列表中的认知体系结构实现的900多个实际项目的信息。我们使用各种可视化技术来突出该领域发展的总体趋势。除了总结当前认知架构研究的最新技术，本调查还描述了各种已经尝试过的方法和想法，以及它们在模拟人类认知能力方面的相对成功，以及认知行为的哪些方面需要更多的研究，从而可以进一步告知认知科学如何发展。
In this paper we present a broad overview of the last 40 years of research on cognitive architectures. To date, the number of existing architectures has reached several hundred, but most of the existing surveys do not reflect this growth and instead focus on a handful of well-established architectures. In this survey we aim to provide a more inclusive and high-level overview of the research on cognitive architectures. Our final set of 84 architectures includes 49 that are still actively developed, and borrow from a diverse set of disciplines, spanning areas from psychoanalysis to neuroscience. To keep the length of this paper within reasonable limits we discuss only the core cognitive abilities, such as perception, attention mechanisms, action selection, memory, learning, reasoning and metareasoning. In order to assess the breadth of practical applications of cognitive architectures we present information on over 900 practical projects implemented using the cognitive architectures in our list. We use various visualization techniques to highlight the overall trends in the development of the field. In addition to summarizing the current state-of-the-art in the cognitive architecture research, this survey describes a variety of methods and ideas that have been tried and their relative success in modeling human cognitive abilities, as well as which aspects of cognitive behavior need more research with respect to their mechanistic counterparts and thus can further inform how cognitive science might progress.