Levels of Perfluorinated Chemicals in Municipal Drinking Water from Catalonia, Spain: Public Health Implications
Levels of Perfluorinated Chemicals in Municipal Drinking Water from Catalonia, Spain: Public Health Implications
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00244-009-9375-y
复制
发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Lindstrom, Gunilla
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ericson, Ingrid;Domingo, Jose L.;Lindstrom, Gunilla
本研究分析了西班牙加泰罗尼亚5个不同地区40个不同地点的市政饮用水样品中13种全氟化合物（PFCs） （PFBuS、PFHxS、PFOS、THPFOS、PFHxA、PFHpA、PFOA、PFNA、PFDA、PFUnDA、PFDoDA、PFTDA和PFOSA）的浓度。检出限在0.02 (PFHxS) ~ 0.85 ng/L （PFOA）之间。最常见的化合物为全氟辛烷磺酸和PFHxS，分别在35份和31份样品中检测到，最高浓度分别为58.1和5.30 ng/L。PFBuS、PFHxA和PFOA也经常被检测到（分别为29、27和26个样品），最高水平为69.4、8.55和57.4 ng/L。而PFDoDA和PFTDA在所有样品中均未检出。在巴塞罗那省发现了污染最严重的水样，而在两个样品（班约莱斯和莱伊达）中没有检测到所分析的全氟化合物，并且在四个样品中仅检测到一种全氟化合物。假设人类每天的饮水量为2升，那么对于体重为70公斤的受试者来说，从城市饮用水中摄入的全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸的最大摄入量分别为1.7和1.6纳克/公斤/天。这明显低于欧洲食品安全局设定的每日可耐受摄入量。在所有样本中，全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的含量也低于美国环境保护局规定的饮用水短期临时健康咨询限值（200纳克全氟辛烷磺酸/升和400纳克全氟辛烷磺酸/升）。虽然加泰罗尼亚饮用水中发现的全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸浓度预计不会对人类健康构成威胁，但显然有必要对剩余全氟辛酸的接触设定安全限制，因为对全氟辛酸的终身接触具有保护作用的基于健康的饮用水浓度设定为40纳克/升。
In this study, the concentrations of 13 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) (PFBuS, PFHxS, PFOS, THPFOS, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTDA, and PFOSA) were analyzed in municipal drinking water samples collected at 40 different locations from 5 different zones of Catalonia, Spain. Detection limits ranged between 0.02 (PFHxS) and 0.85 ng/L (PFOA). The most frequent compounds were PFOS and PFHxS, which were detected in 35 and 31 samples, with maximum concentrations of 58.1 and 5.30 ng/L, respectively. PFBuS, PFHxA, and PFOA were also frequently detected (29, 27, and 26 samples, respectively), with maximum levels of 69.4, 8.55, and 57.4 ng/L. In contrast, PFDoDA and PFTDA could not be detected in any sample. The most contaminated water samples were found in the Barcelona Province, whereas none of the analyzed PFCs could be detected in two samples (Banyoles and Lleida), and only one PFC could be detected in four of the samples. Assuming a human water consumption of 2 L/day, the maximum daily intake of PFOS and PFOA from municipal drinking water would be, for a subject of 70 kg of body weight, 1.7 and 1.6 ng/kg/day. This is clearly lower than the respective Tolerable Daily Intake set by the European Food Safety Authority. In all samples, PFOS and PFOA also showed lower levels than the short-term provisional health advisory limit for drinking water (200 ng PFOS/L and 400 ng PFOA/L) set by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Although PFOS and PFOA concentrations found in drinking water in Catalonia are not expected to pose human health risks, safety limits for exposure to the remaining PFCs are clearly necessary, as health-based drinking water concentration protective for lifetime exposure is set to 40 ng/L for PFOA.