Indicators to monitor the status of the tree of life
Indicators to monitor the status of the tree of life
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DOI：
10.1111/cobi.14138
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发表时间：
2023-08-08
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Owen, Nisha R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gumbs, Rikki;Chaudhary, Abhishek;Owen, Nisha R.
在未能完全实现20个AICHI生物多样性目标中的任何一个之后，生物多样性的未来取决于平衡。 《生物多样性公约》的《昆明 - 蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》（GBF）为当代和后代维护生物多样性和避免灭绝而为当前和未来的人提供了自然对人的贡献（NCP）提供了机会。有必要维护生命之树 - 地球上独特而共享的进化历史，以维持其赋予未来的好处。 GBF内已采用了两个指标，以监测保护生命之树的进展：系统发育多样性（PD）指标以及进化上不同且全球濒危（边缘）索引。我们将世界上的哺乳动物，鸟类和苏铁属于全球和国家规模展示其效用。 PD指标可用于监视生命进化树的大部分地区的整体保护状态，这是生物多样性维持NCP的能力的衡量标准。边缘指数用于监测保护最独特的物种的努力。随着时间的推移，鸟类，苏铁和哺乳动物的PD风险增加，哺乳动物的风险随着时间的推移而受到威胁的PD的最大相对增加。这些趋势似乎可以选择灭绝风险加权。边缘物种主要恶化灭绝风险。与一般威胁的哺乳动物相比，比例更大的边缘哺乳动物（12％）增加了灭绝风险（7％）。通过加强保护生命树的承诺，可以减少生物多样性损失，因此可以保留自然界为人类提供利益的能力。
Following the failure to fully achieve any of the 20 Aichi biodiversity targets, the future of biodiversity rests in the balance. The Convention on Biological Diversity's Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) presents the opportunity to preserve nature's contributions to people (NCPs) for current and future generations by conserving biodiversity and averting extinctions. There is a need to safeguard the tree of life-the unique and shared evolutionary history of life on Earth-to maintain the benefits it bestows into the future. Two indicators have been adopted within the GBF to monitor progress toward safeguarding the tree of life: the phylogenetic diversity (PD) indicator and the evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered (EDGE) index. We applied both to the world's mammals, birds, and cycads to show their utility at the global and national scale. The PD indicator can be used to monitor the overall conservation status of large parts of the evolutionary tree of life, a measure of biodiversity's capacity to maintain NCPs for future generations. The EDGE index is used to monitor the performance of efforts to conserve the most distinctive species. The risk to PD of birds, cycads, and mammals increased, and mammals exhibited the greatest relative increase in threatened PD over time. These trends appeared robust to the choice of extinction risk weighting. EDGE species had predominantly worsening extinction risk. A greater proportion of EDGE mammals (12%) had increased extinction risk compared with threatened mammals in general (7%). By strengthening commitments to safeguarding the tree of life, biodiversity loss can be reduced and thus nature's capacity to provide benefits to humanity now and in the future can be preserved.