Ordinary Language Philosophy and the Historical Turn in Philosophy of Science
Ordinary Language Philosophy and the Historical Turn in Philosophy of Science
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普通语言哲学与科学哲学的历史转折
DOI：
10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.09.009
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Franco, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Franco, Paul
从库恩在1990年关于科学哲学的历史转向的评论中得到启示，我在20世纪50年代和60年代初日常语言哲学的影响处于顶峰的英国哲学背景下考察了历史和科学哲学的历史。具体来说，我的情况下，日常语言哲学家的方法论建议，分析实际的语言实践影响了几个突出的批评演绎法模型的科学解释，这些批评是与科学哲学的历史转向。我认为，这种联系在斯蒂芬·图尔明（Stephen Toulmin）和迈克尔·斯克里文（Michael Scriven）的著作中尤为明显。图尔明于1949年至1954年在牛津大学任教，斯克里文于1956年在吉尔伯特·赖尔（Gilbert Ryle）的指导下完成了一篇关于解释的论文。我还考虑了玛丽·黑森在她对科学推理中模型作用的描述中对普通语言影响的意义解释的吸引力。我认为我的历史素描有两个结果。首先，它填补了从逻辑实证主义转向更注重历史和实践的科学哲学的细节。第二，关于语言意义的问题和哲学分析的适当目标和目的是历史转向及其接受的重要组成部分。
Taking a cue from remarks Kuhn makes in 1990 about the historical turn in philosophy of science, I examine the history of history and philosophy of science within the British philosophical context of the 1950s and early 1960s when ordinary language philosophy’s influence was at its peak. Specifically, I make the case that the ordinary language philosophers’ methodological recommendation to analyze actual linguistic practice influences several prominent criticisms of the deductive-nomological model of scientific explanation and that these criticisms are related to the historical turn in philosophy of science. I think such connections are especially clear in the work of Stephen Toulmin, who taught at Oxford from 1949 to 1954, and Michael Scriven, who completed a dissertation on explanation under Gilbert Ryle in 1956. I also consider Mary Hesse’s appeal to an ordinary language-influenced account of meaning in her account of the role of models in scientific reasoning. I think there are two upshots to my historical sketch. First, it fills out details of the move away from logical positivism to more historical- and practice-focused philosophies of science. Second, questions about linguistic meaning and the proper targets and aims of philosophical analysis are part and parcel of the historical turn, as well as its reception.