Assessing the social impacts of nano-enabled products through the life cycle: the case of nano-enabled biocidal paint
Assessing the social impacts of nano-enabled products through the life cycle: the case of nano-enabled biocidal paint
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评估纳米产品整个生命周期的社会影响：纳米杀菌涂料的案例
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Marcomini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vrishali Subramanian;E. Semenzin;A. Zabeo;P. Saling;T. Ligthart;T. Harmelen;Ineke Malsch;D. Hristozov;A. Marcomini
目的评估产品可持续性的社会方面是企业非常感兴趣的话题，近年来提出了几种方法。纳米产品对环境、健康和安全的重大关切要求及早建立一个明确的利益-风险框架，以便决定应该进一步开发哪些新产品。本文提出了一种通过生命周期评估纳米产品社会影响的方法，即(A)定量，(B)综合社会影响的性能和态度维度，(C)考虑利益和成本的整体和利益相关者的平衡。将社会生命周期评价和多准则决策分析相结合，并以纳米级产品为例进行了说明。方法S-生命周期评价框架包括15个指标，用于描述产品制造的社会背景，置于效益/成本和工人/社区的分类结构中。该方法包括四个步骤：(A)将关于社会指标的公司级数据标准化为当年的国家级数据；(B)在利益相关者和指标级进行嵌套加权并将其与标准化分数相结合以创建社会指标分数；(C)根据S-生命周期评价框架将社会指标分数聚合为收益分数、成本分数和净收益分数；以及(D)基于使用就业和增值代理创建的基准，将社会指标分数和聚合分数分类为低/中/高。结果和讨论涉及新产品的预期生产场景，对一种具有生物杀灭功能的纳米氧化铜(n-CuO)基涂料的社会影响进行了评价。该方法被应用于公司层面的12个指标。社会指标得分和综合得分的分类表明，n-CuO涂料具有较高的净效益。结论该框架和方法提供了一个灵活的结构，可以随着更多关于纳米产品社会影响的知识和数据的获得而进行修订和扩展。所提出的方法正在SUN决策支持(SUNDS)软件系统的社会影响评估子模块中实施。寻求改善其产品的社会足迹的公司也可以使用拟议的方法来考虑相关的社会影响，以实现这一目标。
PurposeAssessment of the social aspects of sustainability of products is a topic of significant interest to companies, and several methodologies have been proposed in the recent years. The significant environmental health and safety concerns about nano-enabled products calls for the early establishment of a clear benefit-risk framework in order to decide which novel products should be developed further. This paper proposes a method to assess the social impacts of nano-enabled products through the life cycle that is (a) quantitative, (b) integrates performance and attitudinal dimensions of social impacts and (c) considers the overall and stakeholder balance of benefits and costs. Social life cycle assessment (s-LCA) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) are integrated to address this need, and the method is illustrated on a case study of a nano-enabled product.MethodsThe s-LCA framework comprises 15 indicators to characterize the social context of the product manufacture placed within the classification structure of benefit/cost and worker/community. The methodology includes four steps: (a) normalization of company level data on the social indicator to country level data for the year, (b) nested weighting at stakeholder and indicator level and its integration with normalized scores to create social indicator scores, (c) aggregation of social indicator scores into benefit score, cost score and net benefit scores as per the s-LCA framework and (d) classification of social indicator scores and aggregated scores as low/medium/high based on benchmarks created using employment and value-added proxies.Results and discussionA prospective production scenario involving novel product, a nano-copper oxide (n-CuO)-based paint with biocidal functionality, is assessed with respect to its social impacts. The method was applied to 12 indicators at the company level. Classification of social indicator scores and aggregated scores showed that the n-CuO paint has high net benefits.ConclusionsThe framework and method offer a flexible structure that can be revised and extended as more knowledge and data on social impacts of nano-enabled products becomes available. The proposed method is being implemented in the social impact assessment sub-module of the SUN Decision Support (SUNDS) software system. Companies seeking to improve the social footprint of their products can also use the proposed method to consider relevant social impacts to achieve this goal.