Public versus Private Provision of Public Goods
Public versus Private Provision of Public Goods
复制标题
公共产品的公共与私人提供
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.2211590
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Slavov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Slavov
众所周知，在私人自愿贡献的静态博弈中，纯公共产品的供给不足。公共服务通常使用中间选民框架来建模，其中公共产品由比例所得税提供资金。本文比较了动态环境下公共产品的私人供给和公共供给。有了私人供给，就有可能维持合作并有效地提供公共产品。就公共供给而言，即使在税收不受限于与收入成比例的情况下，也存在动态的多数决定原则解决方案；因此，收入再分配可以与公共产品水平共同选择。在低折现因素下，私人提供往往导致相对于公共提供更低水平的公共产品。然而，随着耐心的增加，公共提供的结果是公共产品的水平低于私人提供的水平。这是因为在公共供给下，更高水平的收入再分配是可持续的。这种再分配在更高的贴现系数下变得越来越可行，导致对特定群体的收入补贴，而不是更高水平的公共利益。相比之下，在私人供给下，所有群体都被迫满足于公共利益水平的提高。在为公共利益提供资金方面，私人提供往往导致福利税，个人缴款率几乎没有变化。公共供应允许更大范围的税率，尽管在优惠不同时倾向于征收利益税，在收入不同时倾向于征收累进税。
It is well known that pure public goods are underprovided in static games with private, voluntary contributions. Public provision is usually modeled using a median voter framework, in which the public good is funded by a proportional income tax. This paper compares the private and public provision of public goods in dynamic settings. With private provision, it is possible to sustain cooperation and provide the public good efficiently. With public provision, dynamic majority-rule solutions exist even when taxes are not restricted to be proportional to income; thus, income redistribution can be chosen jointly with the level of the public good. At low discount factors, private provision tends to result in lower levels of the public good relative to public provision. As patience increases, however, public provision results in lower levels of the public good than private provision. This occurs because higher levels of income redistribution are sustainable under public provision. Such redistribution becomes increasingly feasible at higher discount factors, resulting in income subsidies for particular groups instead of higher levels of the public good. In contrast, under private provision, all groups are forced to settle for increases in the level of the public good. In terms of financing the public good, private provision tends to result in benefit taxation, with little variation in individual contribution rates. Public provision allows a wider range of tax rates, although there is a tendency towards benefit taxation when preferences vary and progressive taxation when incomes vary.