Extensions and evaluations of a general quantitative theory of forest structure and dynamics
Extensions and evaluations of a general quantitative theory of forest structure and dynamics
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0812303106
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发表时间：
2009-04-28
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Brown, James H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Enquist, Brian J.;West, Geoffrey B.;Brown, James H.
在这里，我们提出了人口和资源稳定状态下的森林结构和动态的定量理论的第二部分。该理论基于树木如何利用资源、填充空间和生长的个体水平异速生长关系。这些规模扩大，以确定不同的森林，包括大小频率分布，间距关系，冠层配置，死亡率，人口动态，演替动态和资源流量率的紧急属性。该理论独特地使定量预测的立场水平标度指数和归一化。我们通过编译和分析来自几个热带森林的宏观生态数据集来评估这些预测。理论预测和数据之间的密切匹配表明，森林是由一套非常普遍的尺度规则组织起来的。我们的机械论理论是基于异速生长的比例关系，是对“人口理论”的补充，但在方法上是根本不同的。它提供了一个定量的基线，用于理解由于其他因素而导致的预测偏差，这些因素包括干扰、分支结构的变化、不对称竞争、资源限制和其他死亡率来源，这些因素没有包括在故意简化的理论中。尽管在非生物环境、物种多样性、分类和功能组成方面存在很大差异，但这一理论应适用于各种森林。
Here, we present the second part of a quantitative theory for the structure and dynamics of forests under demographic and resource steady state. The theory is based on individual-level allometric scaling relations for how trees use resources, fill space, and grow. These scale up to determine emergent properties of diverse forests, including size-frequency distributions, spacing relations, canopy configurations, mortality rates, population dynamics, successional dynamics, and resource flux rates. The theory uniquely makes quantitative predictions for both stand-level scaling exponents and normalizations. We evaluate these predictions by compiling and analyzing macroecological datasets from several tropical forests. The close match between theoretical predictions and data suggests that forests are organized by a set of very general scaling rules. Our mechanistic theory is based on allometric scaling relations, is complementary to "demographic theory,'' but is fundamentally different in approach. It provides a quantitative baseline for understanding deviations from predictions due to other factors, including disturbance, variation in branching architecture, asymmetric competition, resource limitation, and other sources of mortality, which are not included in the deliberately simplified theory. The theory should apply to a wide range of forests despite large differences in abiotic environment, species diversity, and taxonomic and functional composition.