The Pennsylvania Infant and Family Development Project, III: The origins of individual differences in infant-mother attachment: maternal and infant contributions.
The Pennsylvania Infant and Family Development Project, III: The origins of individual differences in infant-mother attachment: maternal and infant contributions.
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宾夕法尼亚州婴儿和家庭发展项目，III：婴儿-母亲依恋个体差异的起源：母亲和婴儿的贡献。
作者：
J. Belsky;M. Rovine;D. G. Taylor
为了检验4个特定的假设，关于与婴儿-母亲依恋质量变化相关的互动历史，在Ainsworth和Wittig的奇怪情况下，对60个婴儿在1、3和9个月的自然家庭观察中收集的数据进行了检查。计划比较显示，正如预测的那样，安全依恋的婴儿经历了中等水平的相互作用和母亲的刺激，被认为是敏感护理的反映，而抵抗婴儿比安全依恋的婴儿经历了更少的反应性护理。没有证据支持回避型婴儿比安全型婴儿与母亲的身体接触更少的假设。在3个月和9个月时，观察到不安全依恋的婴儿比安全依恋的婴儿哭得多得多。一项旨在评估纵向影响过程的交叉滞后面板分析显示，焦虑是由母性引起的，并不影响母性。这些结果讨论了母亲在决定依恋个体差异方面的相对更大的影响，过度刺激导致回避，刺激不足导致抵抗，中等水平的刺激导致安全。
In order to test 4 specific hypotheses regarding the interactional histories associated with variation in quality of infant-mother attachment, data gathered during naturalistic home observations at 1, 3, and 9 months on 60 babies seen in the Ainsworth and Wittig strange situation were examined. Planned comparisons revealed, as predicted, that securely attached infants had experienced intermediate levels of reciprocal interaction and maternal stimulation, considered to be reflective of sensitive care, and that resistant babies had experienced less responsive care than securely attached infants. No support was provided for the hypothesis that avoidant babies had experienced less physical contact with mothers than securely attached infants. Insecurely attached infants were observed to cry significantly more than securely attached infants at 3 and 9 months. A cross-lag panel analysis, designed to assess longitudinal processes of influence, revealed that fussiness was caused by mothering and did not serve to influence mothering. These results are discussed in terms of mothers' relatively greater influence in determining individual differences in attachment, with overstimulation leading to avoidance, understimulation leading to resistance, and intermediate levels of stimulation leading to security.