Iambic-Trochaic Law Effects among Native Speakers of Spanish and English
Iambic-Trochaic Law Effects among Native Speakers of Spanish and English
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DOI：
10.5334/labphon.42
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发表时间：
2016-10-07
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Crowhurst, Megan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crowhurst, Megan
抑扬格-扬格律（Bolton, 1894; Hayes, 1995; Woodrow, 1909）断言，听众将更大的强度与群体开始（一种响亮的优先偏好）联系在一起，将更长的持续时间与群体结束（一种持久的偏好）联系在一起。Hayes（1987; 1995）认为在音标中提到的突出音和音中重读音节的位置之间存在着自然的联系。然而，并非所有末音位置的拉长都源于重读音节，更长的持续时间也可能与非末音（扬抑音）位置的重音有关。本文所述的研究挑战了假定的长期效应必然反映与压力相关的持续时间模式的观念，并调查了长期效应的稳健性应该取决于最终位置和持续时间增加之间的关联强度（无论其来源如何）的一般假设。在进行的两项国际语言研究中，以西班牙语和英语为母语的人将有节奏地交替的音节流分组，其中元音强度和/或持续时间水平各不相同。之所以选择这两种语言，是因为虽然它们在韵律上相似，但在英语中，组成音节-结尾音节持续时间的增加比西班牙语更常见，也更突出。结果显示，两种语言组都有明显的“大声优先”效应。在西班牙语组中，当元音持续时间单独变化时，持久效应明显较弱。然而，当强度和持续时间共变时，两种语言组的长期效果都存在并具有可比性。强度是比持续时间更可靠的反应预测因子。一个主要的结论是，无论人类的节奏分组偏好是否有先天的成分，至少基于持续时间的分组偏好，以及基于强度的影响的大小是由听者的背景决定的。
The Iambic-Trochaic Law (Bolton, 1894; Hayes, 1995; Woodrow, 1909) asserts that listeners associate greater intensity with group beginnings (a loud-first preference) and greater duration with group endings (a long-last preference). Hayes (1987; 1995) posits a natural connection between the prominences referred to in the ITL and the locations of stressed syllables in feet. However, not all lengthening in final positions originates with stressed syllables, and greater duration may also be associated with stress in nonfinal (trochaic) positions. The research described here challenged the notion that presumptive long-last effects necessarily reflect stress-related duration patterns, and investigated the general hypothesis that the robustness of long-last effects should vary depending on the strength of the association between final positions and increased duration, whatever its source. Two ITL studies were conducted in which native speakers of Spanish and of English grouped streams of rhythmically alternating syllables in which vowel intensity and/or duration levels were varied. These languages were chosen because while they are prosodically similar, increased duration on constituent-final syllables is both more common and more salient in English than Spanish. Outcomes revealed robust loud-first effects in both language groups. Long-last effects were significantly weaker in the Spanish group when vowel duration was varied singly. However, long-last effects were present and comparable in both language groups when intensity and duration were covaried. Intensity was a more robust predictor of responses than duration. A primary conclusion was that whether or not humans' rhythmic grouping preferences have an innate component, duration-based grouping preferences, at least, and the magnitude of intensity-based effects are shaped by listeners' backgrounds.