Nitrification and nitrate dissimilation in soil
Nitrification and nitrate dissimilation in soil
复制标题
土壤中的硝化作用和硝酸盐异化作用
DOI：
10.1007/bf01377675
复制
发表时间：
1962
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
D. J. Greenwood
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. J. Greenwood
Summary1。为了研究硝酸盐的异化，在空气或无氧氮的气氛下，用含有葡萄糖、氨和硝酸盐的溶液渗透土壤碎屑来制备模拟土壤。在硝化作用的研究中，用硫酸铵溶液在空气中渗透制备了模拟土壤。用华宝压力计和极谱技术研究了氧浓度对受激土壤呼吸的影响。两种技术都表明，在所有受激土壤中，降低氧浓度直到达到较低的值才会抑制呼吸。在氧气浓度为2 ~ 5µM时，呼吸速率约为过量氧气时的一半。从这些结果可以得出结论，在氧气浓度为2 ~ 5 μ M时，硝酸盐在氮气气氛下的异化速率约为其速率的一半，在氧气不受限制时，硝化速率约为其速率的一半。在不同的氧分压下，测量了土壤滤器中2 ~ 4mm直径的湿润土壤碎屑的硝化速率和硝酸盐的异化速率。氧分压对这两个过程的影响与由菲克扩散定律推导出的方程所预测的结果大致一致。试图确定可能发生生物氮损失的土壤物理条件。
Summary1. Stimulated soils, for studies on nitrate dissimilation, were prepared by percolating soil crumbs with solutions containing glucose, ammonia, and nitrate under an atmosphere either of air or of oxygen-free nitrogen. For studies on nitrification, stimulated soils were prepared by percolation with solutions of ammonium sulphate under air.2. The effect of oxygen concentrations on the respiration of such stimulated soils was studied by Warburg manometric, and polarographic techniques. Both techniques showed that in all stimulated soils lowering of the oxygen concentration did not inhibit respiration until low values were reached. At an oxygen concentration of from 2 to 5 µM the respiration rates were about half the rates in the presence of excess oxygen.3. It is concluded from these results that at an oxygen concentration of 2 to 5 µM nitrate dissimilation took place at about half of its rate under an atmosphere of nitrogen, and nitrification took place at about half of its rate when oxygen was not limiting.4. Measurements were made of the rates of nitrification and of nitrate dissimilation in moist 2 to 4 mm diameter soil crumbs held in soil percolators under different oxygen partial pressures. The effect of oxygen partial pressure on both processes was in approximate agreement with that predicted by means of an equation deduced from Fick's law of diffusion.5. An attempt is made to define the soil-physical conditions under which biological nitrogen losses can take place.