Interrelations of Level of Urinary Cotinine and Score for Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence among Beedi Smokers, and Smokeless Tobacco Users in India.
Interrelations of Level of Urinary Cotinine and Score for Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence among Beedi Smokers, and Smokeless Tobacco Users in India.
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DOI：
10.4103/0253-7176.211758
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Chowdhury C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vinoth Kumar NM;Khijmatgar S;Chowdhury C
与烟草有关的疾病在很大程度上是可以预防的，可以阻止早熟死亡。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的数据，印度的吸烟率为28.6%(男性为40%，女性为18.2%)。[1]在印度，吸烟和咀嚼烟草是最常见的烟草习惯，在印度与口腔癌密切相关。[2]有一些方法可以估计烟草依赖的严重程度，其中FTND被识别出来。FTND得分用于吸烟，但我们不知道印度ST用户和Beedi吸烟者的FTND得分。因此，为了保持研究的计划，我们的目标是进行系统的回顾，目标如下。1.对已发表的关于Beedi吸烟与FTND得分之间相互关系的研究进行综述。2.对已发表的ST消费与FTND得分相关的研究进行综述。从Pubmed、Cochrane图书馆和ProQuest三个不同的电子数据库对已发表的论文进行了系统的搜索。纳入标准和排除标准是基于研究的共同性而制定的，这些研究通过目标进行了审查。共找到四篇符合纳入因素标准的论文。初步筛选71篇，排除43篇，筛选28篇，按纳入标准排除20篇。对其余8篇文章的摘要进行了审查，其中4篇因数据重复而被删除。最后，经过三个阶段的筛选，纳入四篇文章进行综述。综述结果显示，在选定的四篇评论中，有一项研究发现与FTND评分以及Beedi和ST用户相关。这项研究结果还显示，目前还没有一套针对Beedi吸烟者和ST使用者的FTND得分的研究。
Tobacco related diseases is largely preventable and can stop pre-mature death. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence rate of smoking is 28.6% (40% among males and 18.2% among females).[1] Beedismoking and tobacco chewing are the commonest forms of tobacco habits in India, and strongly associated with oral cancer in India.[2] There are methods to estimation of severity of tobacco dependency, of them FTND is identified. The score for FTND is used for cigarette smoking, but we do not know the FTND score of ST users and Beedi smokers in India. Therefore, keeping the study in plan, we aim a systemic review with the following objective. 1. To pursue a review of published researches on interrelations between Beedi smoking and FTND score. 2. To pursue a review of published researches on interrelations between consumption of ST and FTND score. A systematic search of published papers were examined from three different electronic databases namely Pubmed, Cochrane library, and ProQuest. The inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria was set based on commonality of the studies which was looked through the objectives. Total of four papers of its category were found, and those met the criteria for inclusion factors. Seventy-one articles were screened initially and forty-three articles were excluded and twenty-eight articles were screened, out of which twenty articles were excluded based on inclusion criteria. The abstracts of remaining eight articles were reviewed and four were removed because of duplication of the data. Finally, four articles were included for review after three stages of screening. Review results revealed that out of four selected reviews, one research study finding was interrelated with FTND score and Beedi and ST users. This study results also revealed that there is not a set of research carried out on FTND score for Beedi smokers and ST users.