Without good reason : the rationality debate in philosophy and cognitive science
Without good reason : the rationality debate in philosophy and cognitive science
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没有充分的理由：哲学和认知科学中的合理性争论
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发表时间：
1996
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通讯作者：
E. Stein
中科院分区：
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作者：
E. Stein
人类是理性的吗？在过去几十年里进行的各种实验都被解释为人类是非理性的——我们在逻辑推理、概率推理、相似性判断和风险评估等方面都会犯重大而持续的错误。但是，这些实验能证明人类是非理性的吗？还是像许多哲学家所争论的那样，人类必须是理性的？在这本书中，爱德华·斯坦对哲学和认知科学中关于理性的争论提供了清晰的批判性描述。他讨论了理性的概念——辩论中心的理性图景——并评估了用来论证人类是非理性的经验证据。他的结论是，人类理性的问题必须利用先进的认知科学的全部资源，而不是从概念上回答，而是从经验上回答。此外，他扩展了这一结论，认为经验考虑也与知识理论有关——换句话说，认识论应该被自然化。
Are humans rational? Various experiments performed over the last several decades have been interpreted as showing that humans are irrational-we make significant and consistent errors in logical reasoning, probabilistic reasoning, similarity judgements, and risk-assessment, to name a few areas. But can these experiments establish human irrationality, or is it a conceptual truth that humans must be rational, as various philosophers have argued? In this book, Edward Stein offers a clear critical account of this debate about rationality in philosophy and cognitive science. He discusses concepts of rationality-the pictures of rationality that the debate centres on-and assesses the empirical evidence used to argue that humans are irrational. He concludes that the question of human rationality must be answered not conceptually but empirically, using the full resources of an advanced cognitive science. Furthermore, he extends this conclusion to argue that empirical considerations are also relevant to the theory of knowledge-in other words, that epistemology should be naturalized.