Floral abundance and resource quality influence pollinator choice
Floral abundance and resource quality influence pollinator choice
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DOI：
10.1111/icad.12197
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Goulson, Dave
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fowler, Robert E.;Rotheray, Ellen L.;Goulson, Dave
1.饲料栖息地的丧失导致传粉昆虫减少，威胁到昆虫授粉服务。传粉昆虫依赖于足够的花卉资源，以及它们追踪这些资源的能力。这些资源的变异性及其对昆虫觅食选择的影响尚不清楚.我们记录了六种野花的访花模式，并检验了以下假设：传粉者优先访问最有价值的花;花蜜日变化影响觅食偏好;传粉者对花蜜奖励的反应最强烈。花蜜量和糖浓度呈负相关的植物物种内的一天中的时间更大的浓度和较低的体积是明显的下午，但这并不对应于传粉者的访问。花的丰富度和花蜜质量（总糖每花序）积极影响昆虫的访问。对于一些觅食者来说，高质量奖励的积极影响只有在花卉丰富度很高（每个斑块>50个花序）时才明显，这也许反映了传粉者检测到稀缺奖励的可能性很低。花粉质量（每花序总蛋白）与蜜蜂和熊蜂的访花次数呈显著负相关.更少的传粉者访问花粉质量更高的花朵可能反映了植物分配的权衡或花粉中次生代谢产物的存在，这意味着花粉觅食可能受到蛋白质浓度以外的因素的影响。花蜜而不是花粉似乎是该系统中昆虫选择花的主要驱动力。农田或花园中蜜蜂的保护计划可能会受益于确保有价值的植物物种以高密度存在和/或在空间中聚集。
1. Pollinator declines caused by forage habitat loss threaten insect pollination services. Pollinating insects depend on adequate floral resources, and their ability to track these resources. Variability of these resources and the effect on insect foraging choice is poorly understood.2. We record patterns of visitation to six wildflower species and test the hypotheses that: pollinators preferentially visit the most rewarding flowers; nectar diurnal variations affect foraging preferences; pollinators respond most strongly to nectar rewards.3. Nectar volume and sugar concentration were negatively correlated within plant species over time of day where greater concentration and lower volume was evident in the afternoon, but this did not correspond to pollinator visitation. Both floral abundance and nectar quality (total sugar per inflorescence) positively affect insect visitation. For some foragers, the positive effects of high-quality rewards were only evident when floral abundance was high (>50 inflorescences per patch), perhaps reflecting the low probability of pollinators detecting scarce rewards. Pollen quality (total protein per inflorescence) was negatively related to visitation of Apis mellifera and Bombus pascuorum.4. Fewer pollinators visiting flowers of higher pollen quality could reflect plant allocation trade-offs or the presence of secondary metabolites in pollen, meaning pollen foraging is likely affected by factors other than protein concentration. Nectar rather than pollen appeared to be the main driver of floral choice by insects in this system.5. Conservation schemes for bees in farmland or gardens might benefit from ensuring that rewarding plant species are present at high density and/or are aggregated in space.