FORUM: Unique Far-Infrared Satellite Observations to Better Understand How Earth Radiates Energy to Space

FORUM: Unique Far-Infrared Satellite Observations to Better Understand How Earth Radiates Energy to Space
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论坛:独特的远红外卫星观测可更好地了解地球如何将能量辐射到太空

DOI:
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS)
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
C. Serio
C. Serio
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
L. Palchetti;H. Brindley;R. Bantges;S. Buehler;C. Camy‐Peyret;B. Carli;U. Cortesi;S. D. Bianco;G. D. Natale;B. Dinelli;D. Feldman;Xianglei Huang;L. C.;Q. Libois;T. Maestri;M. Mlynczak;J. Murray;H. Oetjen;M. Ridolfi;M. Riese;J. Russell;R. Saunders;C. Serio

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发射到空间的长波辐射是地球能量收支的基本组成部分。有许多纠缠在一起的物理过程促成了OLR,并负责推动和应对气候变化。光谱分辨观测可以解开这些过程,但由于技术限制,无法进行精确的天基光谱测量,覆盖100至667 cm−1(波长在15至100 µm之间)的远红外(FIR)。因此,地球的FIR光谱基本上是不可测量的,即使至少有一半的OLR来自这个光谱范围。该区域受到对流层上层-平流层下层水蒸气、温度直减率、冰云分布和微观物理的强烈影响,气候系统中的所有关键参数变化很大,观测和了解仍然很少。为了覆盖地球观测中的这一未知领域,远红外出射辐射理解和监测(FORUM)使命最近被选为欧空局2026年发射的第九个地球探测器使命。FORUM的主要目标是以高绝对精度测量光谱分辨OLR的FIR分量,这是第一次以高光谱分辨率和辐射精度进行测量。该使命将提供一个全球观测基准数据集,这将大大提高我们对地球大气层关键作用力和反馈过程的理解,从而能够对气候模型进行更严格的评估。本文介绍了使命的动机,突出了科学进步,预计从新的测量。
The outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) emitted to space is a fundamental component of the Earth’s energy budget. There are numerous, entangled physical processes that contribute to OLR and that are responsible for driving, and responding to, climate change. Spectrally resolved observations can disentangle these processes, but technical limitations have precluded accurate space-based spectral measurements covering the far infrared (FIR) from 100 to 667 cm−1 (wavelengths between 15 and 100 µm). The Earth’s FIR spectrum is thus essentially unmeasured even though at least half of the OLR arises from this spectral range. The region is strongly influenced by upper-tropospheric–lower-stratospheric water vapor, temperature lapse rate, ice cloud distribution, and microphysics, all critical parameters in the climate system that are highly variable and still poorly observed and understood. To cover this uncharted territory in Earth observations, the Far-Infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) mission has recently been selected as ESA’s ninth Earth Explorer mission for launch in 2026. The primary goal of FORUM is to measure, with high absolute accuracy, the FIR component of the spectrally resolved OLR for the first time with high spectral resolution and radiometric accuracy. The mission will provide a benchmark dataset of global observations which will significantly enhance our understanding of key forcing and feedback processes of the Earth’s atmosphere to enable more stringent evaluation of climate models. This paper describes the motivation for the mission, highlighting the scientific advances that are expected from the new measurements.
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