Herpesviral induction of germline transcription factor DUX4 is critical for viral gene expression

Herpesviral induction of germline transcription factor DUX4 is critical for viral gene expression
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疱疹病毒诱导种系转录因子 DUX4 对于病毒基因表达至关重要

DOI:
10.1101/2021.03.24.436599
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
bioRxiv
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Full F
Full F
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Walter S;Franke V;Drayman N;Wyler E;Landthaler M;Akalin A;Ensser A;Full F

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DUX4是一种转录因子,是胚胎基因组激活(EGA)的主要调控因子。在早期胚胎发生过程中,EGA对于8细胞阶段母体向合子过渡至关重要,以克服基因沉默并使合子基因组转录。在成人体细胞中,DUX4的表达在很大程度上是沉默的。激活可能是致病性的,并且在成人肌肉细胞中引起遗传性疾病面肩肱骨肌营养不良(FSHD)。我们发现,在疱疹病毒HSV-1、HCMV、EBV和KSHV的裂解复制中,DUX4的表达被激活,但在腺病毒、负链RNA病毒或正链RNA病毒中没有被激活。我们通过RNA-Seq分析证明,在疱疹病毒复制时表达DUX4可诱导数百个DUX4靶基因,包括种系特异性逆转录因子以及TRIM、PRAMEF和ZSCAN蛋白家族的几个成员。此外,我们发现DUX4表达是疱疹病毒感染的直接后果。过表达HSV-1即时早期蛋白可刺激DUX4,表明疱疹病毒感染可积极诱导EGA基因。我们进一步证明DUX4的表达对于驱动HSV-1基因表达至关重要。我们的研究结果表明,来自α -、β -和γ -疱疹病毒亚家族的病毒诱导DUX4表达和下游种系特异性基因和逆转录因子。我们假设疱疹病毒诱导DUX4表达是为了诱导早期胚胎样转录程序,防止病毒基因组的表观遗传沉默,促进疱疹病毒基因表达。
DUX4 is a transcription factor and a master regulator of embryonic genome activation (EGA). During early embryogenesis, EGA is crucial for maternal to zygotic transition at the 8-cell stage in order to overcome silencing of genes and enable transcription from the zygotic genome. In adult somatic cells, DUX4 expression is largely silenced. Activation is likely pathogenic, and in adult muscle cells causes genetic disorder Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD).We identified activation of DUX4 expression upon lytic replication of the herpesviruses HSV-1, HCMV, EBV and KSHV, but not of adenoviruses, negative strand RNA viruses or positive strand RNA viruses. We demonstrate by RNA-Seq analysis that DUX4 expression upon herpesviral replication leads to the induction of hundreds of DUX4 target genes including germline-specific retroelements as well as several members of the TRIM, PRAMEF and ZSCAN protein families. Moreover, we show that DUX4 expression is a direct consequence of herpesviral infection. DUX4 can be stimulated by overexpression of HSV-1 immediate early proteins, indicating active induction of EGA genes by herpesviral infection. We further show that DUX4 expression is critical for driving HSV-1 gene expression.Our results show that viruses from alpha-, beta- and gamma-herpesvirus subfamilies induce DUX4 expression and downstream germline-specific genes and retroelements. We hypothesize that herpesviruses induce DUX4 expression in order to induce an early embryonic-like transcriptional program that prevents epigenetic silencing of the viral genome and facilitates herpesviral gene expression.
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