Ceramide in stem cell differentiation and embryo development: novel functions of a topological cell-signaling lipid and the concept of ceramide compartments.
Ceramide in stem cell differentiation and embryo development: novel functions of a topological cell-signaling lipid and the concept of ceramide compartments.
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DOI：
10.1155/2011/610306
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Bieberich E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bieberich E
在过去的二十年中，神经酰胺作为其他鞘脂的唯一代谢前体的功能的观点已经完全改变。大量的研究表明，神经酰胺是一种重要的脂质细胞信号传导因子，在多种细胞类型中调节细胞凋亡。随着新的干细胞技术和神经酰胺生物合成特定步骤的敲除小鼠的出现，这种观点即将再次改变。最近的研究表明，神经酰胺是干细胞分化和细胞极性的关键细胞信号因子，这两个过程是胚胎发育的核心。本文讨论了使用体外分化干细胞，胚胎培养物和基因敲除小鼠的神经酰胺研究，目的是将特定的发育阶段与这种脂质的兴奋和新功能联系起来。特别注意的是致力于神经酰胺作为拓扑细胞信号脂质的概念：脂质，形成不同的结构（膜结构域和囊泡称为“鞘体”），限制神经酰胺诱导的细胞信号传导途径的本地化，甚至极化的隔间。
In the last two decades, the view on the function of ceramide as a sole metabolic precursor for other sphingolipids has completely changed. A plethora of studies has shown that ceramide is an important lipid cell-signaling factor regulating apoptosis in a variety of cell types. With the advent of new stem cell technologies and knockout mice for specific steps in ceramide biosynthesis, this view is about to change again. Recent studies suggest that ceramide is a critical cell-signaling factor for stem cell differentiation and cell polarity, two processes at the core of embryo development. This paper discusses studies on ceramide using in vitro differentiated stem cells, embryo cultures, and knockout mice with the goal of linking specific developmental stages to exciting and novel functions of this lipid. Particular attention is devoted to the concept of ceramide as a topological cell-signaling lipid: a lipid that forms distinct structures (membrane domains and vesicles termed “sphingosome”), which confines ceramide-induced cell signaling pathways to localized and even polarized compartments.