History and Humanitarianism: A Conversation
History and Humanitarianism: A Conversation
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历史与人道主义：对话
作者：
M. Hilton;E. Baughan;E. Davey;B. Everill;Kevin O’Sullivan;Tehila Sasson
近年来，人们对人道主义的历史产生了不可否认的兴趣。这是一个迅速发展的领域，作为一个研究领域，它包含了广泛的主题：从18世纪反奴隶制运动的历史，19世纪饥荒时期的紧急救济，20世纪对难民危机的反应，到帝国时期和之后的长期发展和消除贫困方案。它既包括私人慈善事业，也包括来自个别国家和政府间机构的公共援助，并与许多其他广泛的主题相交，从种族和性别的历史，人权，冲突和安全，甚至资本主义现代性的整体发展。这些学科依次都有自己的史学，而且都借鉴了社会科学和人文科学领域广泛而成熟的文献。在过去的十年里，关于这些问题的书籍和文章的数量呈指数级增长，像《人性》这样的新杂志也出现了，致力于他们的历史分析。《过去与现在》也未能幸免于这些史学趋势。最近，我们发表了安德鲁·麦克唐纳关于亚述慈善收藏家的文章，马克·弗罗斯特关于海峡殖民地“海外援助热潮”的文章，米歇尔·图桑关于早期人道主义电影的文章，斯特凡·路德维希·霍夫曼关于人权历史的观点，以及萨姆·莫恩和林恩·亨特的回应，这些都引起了人们的极大兴趣，尤其是在网上。因为有
There has been an undeniable interest in recent years in the history of humanitarianism. It is a field that has grown quickly and, as a fieldof inquiry, it incorporates avast spectrum of subjects: fromthe history of anti-slavery movements in the eighteenth century, emergency relief in times of famine in the nineteenth, responses to refugee crises in the twentieth, through to longer-term development and poverty eradication programmes during and after empire. It embraces both private philanthropy and public assistance, from individual states and intergovernmental agencies, and intersects with so many other broad themes, from histories of race and gender, human rights, conflict and security, and even the overall development of capitalist modernity. Each of these subjects in turn have their own historiographies, and all draw too on a vast and well-established literature from across the social sciences and humanities. The number of books and articles addressing all of these concerns have expanded exponentially over the last decade or so, and new journals such as Humanity have appeared devoted to their historical analysis. Past and Present has not been immune from these historiographical trends. Recently, we have published pieces by Andrew MacDonald on Assyrian charity collectors, Mark Frost on the ‘overseas aid craze’ in the colonial Straits Settlements, Michelle Tusan on early humanitarian films and a viewpoint on the history of human rights by Stefan-Ludwig Hoffmann, as well as the responses from Sam Moyn and Lynn Hunt, which generated a huge amount of interest, particularly online. Because there has