Sex Differences in Simultaneous Interpreting: a Corpus-Based Study
Sex Differences in Simultaneous Interpreting: a Corpus-Based Study
复制标题
同声传译中的性别差异：基于语料库的研究
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bart Defrancq
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Collard;Bart Defrancq
记忆任务中的性别差异已被广泛记录。先前的研究表明，女性在语言和非语言记忆任务中的表现优于男性（Kimura和Seal，2003年，Loonstra等人，2001年）。在5至85岁的受试者中观察到这些差异（克雷默等人，1997，Maitland，2004）。
由于记忆在同声传译中起着关键作用（Daro和Fabbro，1994等），因此出现了一个问题，即同声传译中是否也可以观察到这种差异。根据交替传译的数据，Mason（2008）认为，男性口译中遗漏较多是由于记忆力有限。Defrancq（2013）观察到女性口译员的EVS比男性口译员长。
本研究探讨了同声传译中工作记忆容量的几个指标的潜在性别差异：EVS长度，德语和荷兰语从句的中场和后场长度，数字和项目列表的再现以及犹豫和不流利的产生。假设口译员充分利用他们的认知能力（Gile's tight-rope hypothesis，1995年），女性预计将有一个更长的EVS，把更少的项目在afterfield，提供更多的数字和项目，并产生比男性更少的犹豫。这项研究建立在Defrancq（2013）的基础上，但在准确性和元数据方面都有显著改进。结果来自欧洲议会口译语料库根特的一个注释和时间对齐的子语料库，目前包括150个翻译，从英语，法语，荷兰语和德语。
关于EVS的第一项研究证实了Defrancq（2013）的发现：女性口译员的EVS平均较长，与男性口译员的差异具有统计学意义。可能的失真因素，如语言，交付率和口译员的疲劳的影响是不显着的。将进行类似的研究来检验其余的假设。
引用
Daro，V. & Fabbro，F.（1994年）。同声传译中的言语记忆：
语音干扰15.第十五章
Defrancq，B.（2013年）。2013年9月，在纽卡斯尔举行的“与世界对话”会议上宣读的《女性和男性口译》论文。
吉尔·D（1999），Testing the Efforts Models' tightrope hypothesis in simultaneous interpreting'，爱马仕23.
Kimura，D.，和海豹B。（2003年）的报告。对真实的词和无意义词的回忆存在性别差异。Psychological Reports，93，pp. 263-264.
克雷默，J.，Delis，D.，&丹尼尔，M.（1988年）。语言学习中的性别差异。临床心理学杂志，44页。907-915.
Loonstra，A.，A. Tarlow & A. Sellers（2001）. COWAT跨年龄、教育和性别的元规范。应用神经心理学，8（3），第161-166页
Maitland，S.B.，赫利茨A.，宁伯格湖，尼尔森（2004年）。陈述性记忆的选择性性别差异。记忆与认知，2004，32（7），pp. 1160-1169
梅森，M。（2008年）。法院口译。马里兰州：UPA
Sex differences in memory tasks have been widely documented. Previous research has shown that women perform better than men in verbal and nonverbal memory tasks (Kimura and Seal, 2003, Loonstra et al., 2001). These differences are observed on subjects aged 5 to 85 (Kramer et al.,1997, Maitland, 2004).
As memory plays a key role in simultaneous interpreting (Daro and Fabbro, 1994 inter alia), the question arises whether the differences are also observable in simultaneous interpreting. Drawing on data from consecutive interpreting, Mason (2008) suggests that the higher number of omissions in men’s interpretations is due to memory limitations. Defrancq (2013) observed a longer EVS in female interpreters than in male interpreters.
The present study investigates potential sex differences in several indicators of working memory capacity in simultaneous interpreting: EVS length, midfield and afterfield length in German and Dutch subordinate clauses, rendition of numbers and lists of items and production of hesitations and disfluencies. Assuming interpreters make full use of their cognitive capacities (Gile’s tight-rope hypothesis, 1995), women are expected to have a longer EVS, to place fewer items in the afterfield, to render more numbers and items and to produce fewer hesitations than men. This study builds on Defrancq (2013), but is carried out with a significantly improved dataset, both in terms of accuracy and metadata. Results are drawn from an annotated and time-aligned sub-corpus of the European Parliament Interpreting Corpus Ghent and currently consists of 150 interpretations from and into English, French, Dutch and German.
The first study on EVS confirms Defrancq’s (2013) findings: female interpreters on average have a longer EVS and the difference with male interpreters is statistically significant. The influence of possible distorting factors, such as language, delivery rate and interpreter’s fatigue is insignificant. Similar studies will be carried out to test the remaining hypotheses.
References
Daro, V. & Fabbro, F. (1994). Verbal memory during simultaneous interpretation: Effects of
phonological interference. Applied Linguistics 15.
Defrancq, B. (2013). “Women and men interpreting” Paper read at “Talking to the World” Conference, Newcastle, September 2013.
Gile D. (1999), Testing the Efforts Models' tightrope hypothesis in simultaneous interpreting', Hermes 23.
Kimura, D., and Seal, B. (2003). Sex differences in recall of real or nonsense words. Pychological Reports, 93, pp. 263-264.
Kramer, J., Delis, D., & Daniel, M. (1988). Sex differences in verbal learning. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, pp. 907-915.
Loonstra, A., A. Tarlow & A. Sellers (2001). COWAT metanorms across age, education and gender. Applied neuropsychology, 8(3), pp 161-166
Maitland, S.B., Herlitz A., Nynberg L., Nilsson L-G. (2004). Selective sex differences in declarative memory. Memory & Cognition, 2004, 32(7), pp. 1160-1169
Mason, M. (2008). Courtroom interpreting. Maryland: UPA