Effects of tillage and winter cover cropping on microbial substrate-induced respiration and soil aggregation in two Japanese fields
Effects of tillage and winter cover cropping on microbial substrate-induced respiration and soil aggregation in two Japanese fields
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DOI：
10.1080/00380768.2011.650134
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发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
T. Nakamoto;M. Komatsuzaki;T. Hirata;H. Araki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Nakamoto;M. Komatsuzaki;T. Hirata;H. Araki
我们假设覆盖种植可以增加各种耕作系统下的土壤微生物活性，并且微生物活性的增加会改善土壤性质。 2009 年在日本的两块田地进行了土壤采样。在茨城县田地（Andosol、粘壤土），从 2003 年到 2003 年进行了三种耕作方式（免耕、翻耕至 30 厘米和旋耕至 15 厘米）和三种冬季覆盖作物（裸露休耕作为对照、毛野豌豆 (Vicia villosa Roth) 和黑麦 (Secale Cealee L.)）。 2009年，在北海道田地（Fluvisol、轻质粘土），从2017年开始进行了两次耕作（秋耕和旋耕深度15厘米，秋季一次，一年两次），以及四种冬季覆盖作物（裸休耕、毛野豌豆、燕麦（Avena strigosa L.）以及毛野豌豆和燕麦混合）。 2006年至2009年。通过使用选择性抗生素的底物诱导呼吸（SIR）方法估算土壤微生物活性和真菌与细菌活性比（F/B比）。在茨城县田地，黑麦覆盖作物在 0-30 厘米深度处表现出比裸露休耕更高的微生物 SIR，而旋耕在 7.5-15 厘米深度处保持着比免耕或犁耕更高的微生物 SIR。覆盖作物和耕作对微生物 SIR 没有显着的交互作用。在北海道田地，覆盖作物和耕作对微生物 SIR 的影响有限。两块田地均使用覆盖作物，记录了高 F/B 比（表明真菌占主导地位）。根据微生物SIR和F/B比估算的真菌SIR与土壤总有机碳（SOC）含量和水稳团聚体的平均重量直径（MWD）密切相关。根据 SOC，黑麦覆盖种植下的真菌 SIR 显着较高。真菌SIR与MWD之间的关系受耕作影响。我们得出的结论是，黑麦覆盖种植和旋耕对于增加茨城县土壤中的真菌 SIR、SOC 和 MWD 非常有效。增强真菌活性的田间实践可能有效改善某些类型的耕地。
We hypothesized that cover cropping could increase soil microbial activities under various tillage systems and that increased microbial activities would improve soil properties. Soil sampling was conducted at two fields in Japan in 2009. At the Ibaraki field (Andosol, clay loam), three tillage practices (no-tillage, plowing to 30 cm, and rotary tillage to 15 cm) and three types of winter cover cropping [bare fallow as control, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and rye (Secale cereale L.)] were conducted from 2003 to 2009. At the Hokkaido field (Fluvisol, light clay), two tillage practices (autumn tillage and rotary tillage with a rotary tiller to a depth of 15 cm once in autumn and twice in a year, respectively), and four types of winter cover cropping (bare fallow, hairy vetch, bristle oat (Avena strigosa L.), and a mixture of hairy vetch and bristle oat) were conducted from 2006 to 2009. Soil microbial activities and the fungal-to-bacterial activity ratio (F/B ratio) were estimated by the substrate-induced respiration (SIR) method with the use of selective antibiotics. At the Ibaraki field, rye cover cropping showed higher microbial SIR than bare fallow at depths of 0–30 cm and rotary tillage maintained higher microbial SIR than no-tillage or plowing at depths of 7.5–15 cm. There was no meaningful interaction effect between cover cropping and tillage on microbial SIR. At the Hokkaido field, cover cropping and tillage had only limited effects on microbial SIR. High F/B ratios (indicating fungal dominance) were recorded with the use of cover crops in both fields. Fungal SIR, estimated from the microbial SIR and F/B ratio, was closely related to the content of total soil organic carbon (SOC) and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates. Based on SOC, fungal SIR was significantly higher under rye cover cropping. The relationship between fungal SIR and MWD was affected by tillage. We conclude that rye cover cropping and rotary tillage were very effective in increasing fungal SIR, SOC, and MWD in the Ibaraki soil. Field practices that enhance fungal activities might be effective in improving certain types of arable soil.