Beyond Neuroanatomy: Novel Approaches to Studying Brain Evolution
Beyond Neuroanatomy: Novel Approaches to Studying Brain Evolution
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DOI：
10.1159/000151474
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Hofmann, Hans A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pollen, Alexander A.;Hofmann, Hans A.
对大脑结构和功能进化的研究虽然令人着迷，但一直存在争议，这主要是由于神经解剖学比较的相关性以及栖息地和行为的分类往往定义不清。我们概述了四个概念的方法，这将有助于从描述性比较神经解剖学的历史重点脑进化领域出现。首先，除了神经解剖学的重点研究之外，必须开发可靠、有效和无偏见的行为测定来表征相关的跨物种差异。其次，神经解剖学和行为差异的基础上的发育和生理过程可以使用比较的方法进行分析。第三，全基因组比较，包括全基因组连锁图谱，转录谱，和直接序列比较，可以应用于确定表型差异的遗传基础。最后，DNA序列中的选择特征可以为影响神经系统的适应性遗传变化提供线索。这四种方法，都依赖于良好解决的遗传学，将建立在详细的神经解剖学研究，以提供更丰富的理解机制和选择性因素的大脑进化。版权所有（c）2008 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
The study of the evolution of brain structure and function, although fascinating, has been contentious, largely due to the correlative nature of neuroanatomical comparisons and the often ill-defined categorizations of habitat and behavior. We outline four conceptual approaches that will help the field of brain evolution emerge from a historical focus on descriptive comparative neuroanatomy. First, reliable, efficient and unbiased behavioral assays must be developed to characterize relevant cross-species differences in addition to focused studies of neuroanatomy. Second, developmental and physiological processes underlying neuroanatomical and behavioral differences can be analyzed using the comparative approach. Third, genome-wide comparisons including genome-wide linkage mapping, transcriptional profiling, and direct sequence comparisons, can be applied to identify the genetic basis for phenotypic differences. Finally, signatures of selection in DNA sequence can provide clues about adaptive genetic changes that affect the nervous system. These four approaches, which all depend on well-resolved phylogenies, will build on detailed neuroanatomical studies to provide a richer understanding of mechanistic and selective factors underlying brain evolution. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel